Nat Cell Biol:这个帕金森相关蛋白竟“串场”到肿瘤发生机制中!

2019-07-31 Ruthy 转化医学网

目前仍是个“谈癌色变”的时代,因为全球近1/6的死亡由癌症造成。长久以来,抗击肿瘤的征途道阻且长,虽有多项成果相继现世,但对浩浩肿瘤大军而言仍只是沧海一粟,尤其是肿瘤机制的相关研究进步缓慢。有研究显示肿瘤细胞与程序性坏死之间关系匪浅,但具体调控机制尚未明了。

目前仍是个“谈癌色变”的时代,因为全球近1/6的死亡由癌症造成。长久以来,抗击肿瘤的征途道阻且长,虽有多项成果相继现世,但对浩浩肿瘤大军而言仍只是沧海一粟,尤其是肿瘤机制的相关研究进步缓慢。有研究显示肿瘤细胞与程序性坏死之间关系匪浅,但具体调控机制尚未明了。

近日,英国格拉斯哥大学的研究人员发现一种帕金森相关蛋白——Parkin竟“串场”到肿瘤发生机制中!他们指出Parkin可以高效抑制程序性坏死进而抑制肿瘤发生,而该机制正是机体存在的“天然”抗癌途径!



程序性坏死——与肿瘤那些不得不说的纠葛

程序性坏死,又称坏死性凋亡,是呈现坏死细胞形态学特征的一种程序性细胞死亡形式,是具有独特信号通路、信号传递过程可被特异性抑制剂所抑制而中断、受信号分子调控的有序坏死。程序性坏死主要由肿瘤坏死因子受体1(TNFR1)启动,通过受体相互作用蛋白激酶1(RIPK1)和受体相互作用蛋白激酶3(RIPK3)作用于混合系列蛋白激酶样结构域(MLKL),传递细胞死亡信号。越来越多的研究表明细胞程序性坏死可参与调控癌症的发生、发展和转移。

过往人们认为肿瘤细胞程序性坏死是一种免疫原性细胞死亡,可抑制肿瘤生长,但一系列新研究却指出细胞程序性坏死能增强髓系细胞诱导的适应性免疫抑制,进而促进肿瘤发生,而且内皮细胞和肿瘤细胞的程序性坏死还会促进肿瘤细胞的转移。那么,程序性坏死对肿瘤而言究竟是利是弊呢?

研究显示,肿瘤细胞可通过扰乱程序性死亡(细胞的另一种死亡方式)系统,激活程序性坏死,让坏死系统占据主导地位来自我保护,维持自身生长发展。也就是说,被肿瘤细胞激活的程序性坏死是肿瘤的“帮凶”。

Parkin——抑制细胞程序性坏死,“天然”抗癌的关键

研究证实每个人体内都会产生一定量的肿瘤细胞,而肿瘤细胞激活的程序性坏死会促进肿瘤的发生发展,那为什么总有人能幸免于难呢?研究人员指出,原因之一是人体内有一个“天然”的抗癌系统——以Parkin为中心的细胞程序性坏死抑制系统。

Parkin是E3泛素连接酶,可与PINK1共同介导线粒体自噬系统,同时还可作为肿瘤抑制因子来发挥功能,在与肿瘤发生相关的各种细胞过程中起到重要的作用。细胞发生异变时往往伴随线粒体的破坏,这就会引发线粒体自噬系统活化,PINK1/Parkin直接互相激活。

Parkin除了作用于线粒体本身,还可以和RIPK3结合并对其进行多泛素化修饰,阻止RIPK3与RIPK1形成坏死小体,从而抑制程序性坏死。另一方面,线粒体的破坏必然导致细胞ATP的耗竭,这就导致高度保守的丝氨酸/苏氨酸蛋白激酶AMPK活化,而AMPK可以磷酸化Parkin进而激活其功能。

换言之,以Parkin为中心的细胞“天然”抗癌系统就是通过抑制程序性坏死,抗击细胞癌化以遏制肿瘤的发生。而一旦相应位点发生突变,出现“帮凶”,肿瘤自然无往不利。

这项研究深入解析了细胞程序性坏死抑制系统,指出帕金森相关蛋白Parkin“串场”后是抗癌系统的关键成员,而相关突变也有望成为未来肿瘤治疗的重要潜在靶点,让肿瘤治疗领域又向前迈了一步。

原始出处:Kai Cao, Stephen W. G. Tait. Parkin inhibits necroptosis to prevent cancer. Nat Cell Biol. 29 July 2019 

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    2020-02-03 维他命
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    2019-10-03 sunylz
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    2019-09-18 仁心济世
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近日,《神经元》发表的一篇论文证实,在小鼠模型中,帕金森病可从肠道开始通过迷走神经扩散至大脑。

PLOS ONE:口腔微生物组与早期帕金森病症状的关系

研究人员招募了48名PD受试者,以及36名年龄和性别匹配的健康对照。受试者完成了对运动,认知,平衡,自主和化学感觉(嗅觉和味觉)功能的详细评估,以确定他们的疾病阶段。

早期诊断帕金森症有望? 日本研发出血液检测法

据日本《朝日新闻》3日报道,日本顺天堂大学的研究人员表示,他们研发出一种简单的血液检测方法,可以诊断出早期的帕金森症。报道称,这一研究结果于当地时间7月2日发表在美国神经病学协会期刊《神经病学年鉴》上。该研究或有助于在颤栗及其他症状出现前就确定帕金森症的发病风险,并甚至有望促进那些治疗中枢神经系统退行性疾病的新药研发。据报道,日本顺天堂大学的研究团队对49名健康人和186名帕金森症患者的血液样本进

NATURE:肠道感染引发帕金森样症状

帕金森病是一种神经退行性疾病,其运动症状与黑质致密部中多巴胺能神经元的丧失有关。尽管至今为止,引发多巴胺能神经元丧失的机制尚不清楚,但线粒体功能障碍和炎症被认为具有关键作用。