Cell:中国科学家发现人类Piwi基因突变导致男性不育

2017-05-27 黄辛 科学网

中科院生物化学与细胞生物学研究所刘默芳研究组与上海市计划生育科学研究所施惠娟研究组合作研究,首次发现人类Piwi基因突变可导致男性不育,并深入揭示了其致病机理,为相关男性不育症的早期分子诊断及精准医疗提供了理论依据。5月26日凌晨,国际著名学术期刊《细胞》(Cell)在线发表了该项研究成果。据悉,该项研究成果得到了《细胞》编辑部和3位审稿人的高度评价。中科院院士王恩多表示,这项研究工作是一项从人类

中科院生物化学与细胞生物学研究所刘默芳研究组与上海市计划生育科学研究所施惠娟研究组合作研究,首次发现人类Piwi基因突变可导致男性不育,并深入揭示了其致病机理,为相关男性不育症的早期分子诊断及精准医疗提供了理论依据。5月26日凌晨,国际著名学术期刊《细胞》(Cell)在线发表了该项研究成果。

据悉,该项研究成果得到了《细胞》编辑部和3位审稿人的高度评价。中科院院士王恩多表示,这项研究工作是一项从人类遗传学到动物模型、分子机理及治疗策略探索的系统研究,代表了遗传学研究的新高度及新深度。

近年来,随着全球人口出生率持续缓慢增长及人口老龄化加剧,不孕不育已逐渐由单纯的医学问题演变为备受关注的社会问题。据不完全统计,在我国的不孕不育夫妇中,男性因素约占50%,非梗阻性无精、弱精及精子畸形是造成男性不育的重要原因,但其致病原因及机制尚不清楚,临床诊断和治疗策略也极其有限。

刘默芳研究员告诉记者,在高等动物中,Piwi基因的主要活动区域位于雄性的生殖细胞。已有的研究表明,剔除小鼠的Piwi基因将导致雄性不育,而对雌性个体的生育能力则无明显影响。在人类男性的睾丸组织中,“活跃”存在着Piwi基因家族的4种蛋白质产物,但迄今为止,这些蛋白质在人类精子形成中的功能及作用机制还未见任何报道,研究人员对Piwi基因突变在男性不育症发生中的作用也几乎一无所知。



在这项研究中,苟兰涛博士及同事康俊炎、戴鹏、王鑫、李锋等在刘默芳研究员的指导下,将研究对象锁定在一种名为Hiwi的人类Piwi基因上,经过筛查413例患有无精、弱精症的临床病例,发现其中3例患者该基因中的关键元件——“D-box”发生了突变。研究人员通过动物实验进一步证实,携带该基因突变的雄性小鼠均不能繁育后代,尽管它们仍能产生少量精子,但这部分精子形态异常、头部结构疏松、无活力,其疾病表型与患者完全一致。通过对患者亲属进行的基因检测发现,该类突变可来源于个体基因自发变异,也可由母亲遗传获得。

在人类细胞中,DNA与其“功能伴侣”——组蛋白密不可分,而精子在发育成熟前,需要将DNA上的这类“活性”成份(组蛋白)替换为能够极大压缩并“保卫”DNA遗传信息的“惰性”成份——鱼精蛋白,以协助将父本遗传物质高度折叠并安全储存于精子头部,从而确保受精过程中遗传物质被“高效”、 “高保真”地传递给后代。在细胞核中,完成上述“一键转换”功能的“分子开关”是一种名为RNF8的泛素连接酶。机制研究揭示,Piwi基因的蛋白质产物(PIWI蛋白)具有将RNF8“扣留”于细胞核外的功能。正常小鼠体内PIWI蛋白会在精子发育后期被自然降解,于是RNF8被“松绑”后进入细胞核内开启“一键转换”程序,帮助精子发育完成。而Piwi基因“D-box”元件发生突变的小鼠,PIWI蛋白在后期不能被正常代谢,因而导致大量RNF8被“扣留”在细胞核外,鱼精蛋白与组蛋白交换受阻,最终造成精子数量剧烈减少、精子头部结构异常及精子活力完全丧失。

针对该发现,研究人员将一段RNF8截短多肽导入突变小鼠的精子细胞后,可有效阻断Piwi基因蛋白产物对RNF8的“扣留”,从而逆转精子细胞中鱼精蛋白与组蛋白的交换障碍,恢复精子的正常形态及游动能力,提示该策略对临床治疗此类无精、弱精症具有重要理论参考价值。

据悉,该项研究同时得到美国加州大学圣地亚哥分校付向东教授、上海交通大学附属第一人民医院李峥教授、中科院上海生命科学信息中心李党生研究员、生化细胞所李劲松研究员及吴立刚研究员等的大力协助。经费支持来自国家基金委、国家科技部、中科院及上海市科委。该工作的数据收集还得到了生化与细胞所公共技术服务中心动物实验技术平台、分子生物学平台和细胞生物学平台的支持。

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    2017-06-02 1e145228m78(暂无匿称)

    学习了,谢谢作者分享!

    0

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