NEJM:高血压新标准的意义解读

2018-02-19 MedSci MedSci原创

指南是临床诊治的关键,由美国心脏病学会(ACC)和美国心脏协会(AHA)发布的新的成人高血压预防,检测,评估和管理指南(报道见:JAMA:成人高血压的预防、检测、评估和管理指南2017)。这个新指南全面更新了高血压的标准,尤其是将过去的高血压前期(收缩压为130-139mmHg或舒张压为80-89mmHg)重新定义为高血压1期。 新的指南发布后很快引起了激烈的讨论和争议。虽然它涉及各

指南是临床诊治的关键,由美国心脏病学会(ACC)和美国心脏协会(AHA)发布的新的成人高血压预防,检测,评估和管理指南(报道见:JAMA:成人高血压预防、检测、评估和管理指南2017)。这个新指南全面更新了高血压的标准,尤其是将过去的高血压前期(收缩压为130-139mmHg或舒张压为80-89mmHg)重新定义为高血压1期。

新的指南发布后很快引起了激烈的讨论和争议。虽然它涉及各种主题,但主要侧重于正确的血压测量,并鼓励进行家庭血压监测和初始联合用药以降低血压。它清楚地表明,如果没有正确放置测量的手臂、没有使用合适尺寸的袖带或没有充分休息,即进行测量,都有可能会导致血压读数的错误地升高。此外,患者在家中测量血压的正确指导至关重要,每年都要对其机器进行验证。对于血压高于收缩压目标20 mm Hg或舒张压目标以上10 mm Hg的患者,强烈支持使用初始单药联合用药。具有利尿剂或钙拮抗剂的肾素 - 血管紧张素阻断剂是优选的初始组合

与以往的指南不同,2017年指南强调个体化心血管风险评估以及10年心血管事件风险超过10%的患者血压控制水平为140/90 mm Hg或更高。血压为130至139/80至89毫米汞柱的患者仍将接受非药物治疗,除非他们的10年风险高于10%;在那种情况下,建议使用单一的抗高血压药物,以配合生活方式的改变。

最具争议的领域涉及新的血压类别,尤其是降低高血压的阈值,这将大大增加患有此诊断的美国人的数量(见图表).仅美国将增加3100万高血压患者。该指南将正常血压定义为低于120/80 mm Hg血压升高为收缩压120〜129mmHg,舒张压低于80mmHg。 1期高血压被定义为收缩压为130-139mmHg或舒张压为80-89mmHg,并且第2期高血压为140 / 90mmHg或更高(旧的高血压定义)。现在所谓的1期高血压以前被称为“高血压前期” - 一个旨在提醒患者并促使医生提供生活方式教育以帮助延缓高血压发展的术语。当时采用高血压前期的主要初衷是为了减少治疗惰性,但矛盾的是,实际上关注与治疗极少。


通过将以前被认为患有高血压前期高血压的人重新归类,该指南影响以前认为健康的人的新的疾病水平。根据这一定义,约有46%的美国成年人患有高血压,而在之前的定义下约为32%。希望依靠1期高血压的新定义,再加上以动脉粥样硬化性心血管疾病风险计算器评估的降低心血管风险为重点,将会导致早期干预并最终降低心血管事件发生率。但是请注意,改变生活方式仍然是为1期高血压患者和10年心血管风险低于10%患者推荐的首选治疗方案.

尽管针对风险因素修改的高风险人群降低血压有积极意义,但担心新的疾病名称可能成为药物治疗的任务,而不考虑患者的风险水平。该指南强调低风险人群的生活方式改变,建议每日钠摄入量低于1500毫克 - 这是很多人难以达到的目标,这是从短期研究中得出的,该研究控制了饮食,但是结果数据最少集。

原始出处:

George Bakris, M.D., and Matthew Sorrentino, M.D. Redefining Hypertension — Assessing the New Blood-Pressure Guidelines. N Engl J Med 2018; 378:497-499 DOI: 10.1056/NEJMp1716193
 

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  2. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1935258, encodeId=06dc1935258d4, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=ab995841480' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#新标准#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=26, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=58414, encryptionId=ab995841480, topicName=新标准)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=4736501, createdName=xiaoyang_ambs, createdTime=Fri May 18 21:56:00 CST 2018, time=2018-05-18, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=301426, encodeId=1ad63014267d, content=谢谢.知道了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=63, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=ad4c106013, createdName=Drhzm308, createdTime=Sat Mar 31 08:29:25 CST 2018, time=2018-03-31, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=289913, encodeId=bcfa2899139f, content=请注意.改变生活方式仍然是为1期高血压患者和10年心血管风险低于10%患者推荐的首选治疗方案., beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=79, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/mStl88fu4NdgSW0vVibEHQRlKXLlvMibvcHmy5ibwM7Luib2am6ywX6FqBrXibF8k7JVEzriaOSghltmYz1nomRd6TgSp2Yj9xHGAY/0, createdBy=9b2f2045808, createdName=haige, createdTime=Thu Feb 22 10:32:52 CST 2018, time=2018-02-22, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=289647, encodeId=7c6a28964e46, content=高血压新标准的意义解读., beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=57, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160806/IMG57A5698BDB0244113.jpg, createdBy=32a91358059, createdName=jyzxjiangqin, createdTime=Wed Feb 21 09:02:19 CST 2018, time=2018-02-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=289392, encodeId=d58b289392c9, content=谢谢.学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=65, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=ad4c106013, createdName=Drhzm308, createdTime=Tue Feb 20 08:43:02 CST 2018, time=2018-02-20, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=289253, encodeId=123328925344, content=谢谢分享学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=0, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/Q3auHgzwzM4o2XVpJ6449yqDsjibydI5HnJ8MibGxNn4HZiaZib0bdfibbwoz3KQrIyN9AGxq36ZlZRNicYlPfOOWMtwgsajY6mGNFiaPclFdowjD0/0, createdBy=97bd1338592, createdName=清风拂面, createdTime=Mon Feb 19 22:00:43 CST 2018, time=2018-02-19, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=289242, encodeId=cb962892425c, content=了解一下.谢谢分享!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=19, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cdnapi.center.medsci.cn/medsci/head/2019/12/23/2f51002e1349ccda5be11c1eea1e1e60.jpg, createdBy=a22097948, createdName=天地飞扬, createdTime=Mon Feb 19 21:15:45 CST 2018, time=2018-02-19, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2018-03-31 Drhzm308

    谢谢.知道了

    0

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    2018-02-22 haige

    请注意.改变生活方式仍然是为1期高血压患者和10年心血管风险低于10%患者推荐的首选治疗方案.

    0

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    2018-02-21 jyzxjiangqin

    高血压新标准的意义解读.

    0

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    2018-02-20 Drhzm308

    谢谢.学习了

    0

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    2018-02-19 清风拂面

    谢谢分享学习

    0

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    2018-02-19 天地飞扬

    了解一下.谢谢分享!

    0

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