Cell Research:灵长类脑中存有活跃神经干细胞

2011-06-30 MedSci原创 MedSci原创

我国科学家在神经干细胞研究方面取得重要进展,由复旦大学医学神经生物学国家重点实验室教授杨振纲领衔的研究小组经过3年多艰辛工作,发现了成年猕猴和人类的大脑中存有神经干细胞和新生的神经元,并首次详细描述了由神经干细胞生成的新生神经元的特征及迁移路线。 相关系列论文已于近日陆续发表在国际主流学术期刊《神经科学杂志》、《细胞研究》和《欧洲神经科学杂志》上,引起国内外同行关注。有关专家认为,“该成果为人类

我国科学家在神经干细胞研究方面取得重要进展,由复旦大学医学神经生物学国家重点实验室教授杨振纲领衔的研究小组经过3年多艰辛工作,发现了成年猕猴和人类的大脑中存有神经干细胞和新生的神经元,并首次详细描述了由神经干细胞生成的新生神经元的特征及迁移路线。

相关系列论文已于近日陆续发表在国际主流学术期刊《神经科学杂志》、《细胞研究》和《欧洲神经科学杂志》上,引起国内外同行关注。有关专家认为,“该成果为人类脑损伤后神经再生带来新的希望”。

长期以来,医学界一直认为大脑内没有神经干细胞,而大脑因疾病或外伤而损失的神经细胞是不可再生的。但经过近20年来的努力,科学家发现成年哺乳动物脑内仍然存有神经干细胞,这些干细胞可以不断产生新的神经细胞,它们在脑内会“自动”迁移到不同脑区,并对学习、记忆和嗅觉等发挥作用。然而,以往科学家对神经干细胞的研究主要在小白鼠上进行,而对神经干细胞在人类等灵长类动物大脑中的分布状况、功能等却知之甚少。

神经干细胞在灵长类大脑中存在与否,有何功能,如人脑损伤后神经细胞是否可再生等问题,一直是科学家探索的重要课题。

经过多年不懈努力,杨振纲和他的博士研究生王琮民、李晓甦、魏斌等较为详细地确认了成年猕猴大脑中的由神经干细胞所“制造”的新生神经元,并追踪、探索了这些新生神经元在脑内特有的“长距离”迁移规律。

而如何利用新生神经细胞这一“长距离”迁移能力,以达到脑损伤治疗的目的,是科学家目前努力探索的重大课题。为进一步探索“人脑奥秘”,杨振纲团队紧接着又在武汉中国人脑库提供的成年人脑组织研究中发现了神经干细胞,并发现这类神经干细胞在脑内非常活跃,可以不断生成新的神经元。这项成果为人类脑损伤后神经再生带来新的希望。

杨振纲等还利用条件性敲除基因的方法,对神经干细胞在正常以及受损伤大脑内的调控机制作了深入研究,最终发现,Sp8基因在神经细胞产生和长距离迁移过程中有重要作用,如果没有Sp8基因,神经干细胞就不会发生其应有功能,也就是说,Sp8基因在神经干细胞的重要作用远远超过先前科学家对它的了解。

据杨振纲介绍,有关“人脑发育的奥秘”和Sp8基因其他功能的研究,目前神经干细胞和神经发育实验室研究团队正在深入进行中。

MedSci推荐原文出处:

Cell Research    doi: 10.1038/cr.2011.83

Identification and characterization of neuroblasts in the subventricular zone and rostral migratory stream of the adult human brain

Congmin Wang, Fang Liu, Ying-Ying Liu, Cai-Hong Zhao, Yan You1, Lei Wang, Jingxiao Zhang, Bin Wei, Tong Ma1, Qiangqiang Zhang, Yue Zhang, Rui Chen, Hongjun Song and Zhengang Yang

It is of great interest to identify new neurons in the adult human brain, but the persistence of neurogenesis in the subventricular zone (SVZ) and the existence of the rostral migratory stream (RMS)-like pathway in the adult human forebrain remain highly controversial. In the present study, we have described the general configuration of the RMS in adult monkey, fetal human and adult human brains. We provide evidence that neuroblasts exist continuously in the anterior ventral SVZ and RMS of the adult human brain. The neuroblasts appear singly or in pairs without forming chains; they exhibit migratory morphologies and co-express the immature neuronal markers doublecortin, polysialylated neural cell adhesion molecule and 逫II-tubulin. Few of these neuroblasts appear to be actively proliferating in the anterior ventral SVZ but none in the RMS, indicating that neuroblasts distributed along the RMS are most likely derived from the ventral SVZ. Interestingly, no neuroblasts are found in the adult human olfactory bulb. Taken together, our data suggest that the SVZ maintains the ability to produce neuroblasts in the adult human brain.

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    2012-05-25 维他命
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    2011-08-11 lg.zhao
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    2011-07-02 yangshch
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