Lancet:Nivolumab为晚期胃癌或胃-食管结合部肿瘤患者带来生存获益

2017-10-15 曹守波 肿瘤资讯

接受过两种或以上化疗方案治疗的晚期胃癌或胃-食管结合部肿瘤患者通常预后欠佳,并且对于这一部分患者,目前指南并没有特殊推荐某一种治疗方式。Nivolumab是PD-1的单克隆抗体抑制剂,本项研究旨在评价nivolumab对之前接受过两种或以上化疗方案治疗的晚期胃癌或胃-食管结合部肿瘤的有效性和安全性,相关研究成果发表在Lancet。

接受过两种或以上化疗方案治疗的晚期胃癌或胃-食管结合部肿瘤患者通常预后欠佳,并且对于这一部分患者,目前指南并没有特殊推荐某一种治疗方式。Nivolumab是PD-1的单克隆抗体抑制剂,本项研究旨在评价nivolumab对之前接受过两种或以上化疗方案治疗的晚期胃癌或胃-食管结合部肿瘤的有效性和安全性,相关研究成果发表在Lancet。

背景:

在全世界范围内,胃癌的发病率和死亡率在所有肿瘤中分别居第五位和第三位。铂类化合物联合氟尿嘧啶是晚期或转移性胃癌最常见的一线治疗方案,而对于一线方案治疗失败的患者,二线治疗方案可以选择多西他赛、紫杉醇或伊立替康单药治疗,或者采用抗血管内皮生长因子受体2 (vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2, VEGFR-2)抗体ramucirumab单药或联合紫杉醇治疗。但是,几乎所有晚期患者在治疗后仍会继续发生疾病进展。截止目前为止,对于晚期胃癌或二线及以上化疗方案治疗失败的患者,仍没有指南或随机前瞻性临床研究推荐的标准三线治疗方案。因此,亟需一种新的治疗方式来解决晚期胃癌和胃-食管结合部肿瘤二线或多线治疗失败后的后续治疗。

之前进行的两项临床研究均显示出抗PD-1治疗对化疗难治性胃癌或胃-食管结合部肿瘤的初步疗效。其中一项研究显示,nivolumab(PD-1单克隆抗体抑制剂)单药或联合ipilimumab(CTLA-4单克隆抗体抑制剂)均可使化疗难治性胃癌或胃-食管结合部肿瘤患者临床获益。另外一项研究表明,抗PD-1抗体pembrolizumab对PD-L1阳性表达的晚期胃癌或胃-食管结合部肿瘤具有抗肿瘤效应。本研究旨在评价nivolumab对非选择性PD-L1表达、二次或以上化疗方案治疗失败患者治疗的有效性和安全性。

方法:

本研究是一项随机、双盲、安慰剂对照的III期临床研究,研究共纳入包括日本、韩国和台湾在内的49个临床中心。入组患者年龄≥20岁、非手术晚期或复发胃癌或经病理证实的胃-食管结合部腺癌、接受过两种或以上化疗方案治疗、ECOG评分为0-1分并且预计生存期在3个月以上。肿瘤患者PD-L1的表达情况并不作为患者的入组要求。

患者以2:1随机分配接受nivolumab或安慰剂治疗,随机分层是根据不同国家(日本vs韩国vs台湾)、ECOG评分(0 vs 1)以及器官转移数目(<2 vs ≥2)完成的。患者每2周接受3mg/kg nivolumab或安慰剂静脉滴注治疗,6周(包括3次静脉滴注治疗)被视为1个治疗周期,治疗一直持续到疾病进展或需要永久停止研究治疗的毒性出现。

临床疗效评估主要通过CT或MRI,采用RECIST 1.1版本,研究每6周共一个治疗周期评估一次,共评估10个周期(约14个月),之后每2个治疗周期评估1次,直到治疗中断。研究的主要终点事件是OS,次要有效性终点事件是PFS、客观缓解率(CR和PR患者百分比)、疾病控制率(CR、PR和SD患者百分比)等。安全性终点事件包括不良反应和治疗相关不良反应。

结果:

自2014.11-2016.2,共有601例患者入组,其中493例患者以2:1随机分配到nivolumab(n=330)或安慰剂治疗组(n=163)。两治疗组患者的基线一般特征相对平衡。Nivolumab组和安慰剂组中分别有134(41%) 和62(38%)例患者能够获取肿瘤样本,而nivolumab组中有4例样本不适合分析。在剩余192例肿瘤样本中,nivolumab组和安慰剂组中PD-L1阳性表达的样本分别占12.3%和16.1%。

截止到2016.8,nivolumab组和安慰剂组的中位随访时间分别为8.87个月和8.59个月,而两组中永久终止研究治疗的患者分别为87.9%(290/330)和98.1%(158/161)。最主要的原因是由于疾病进展(nivolumab组vs安慰剂组;65.2% vs 66.5%)和临床症状的明显恶化(16.7% vs 23.0%)。Nivolumab组和安慰剂组的中位治疗持续时间分别为1.92和1.05个月,在疾病进展的患者中,nivolumab组和安慰剂组中分别有37.0%(95/257)和28.0%(37/132)继续研究方案治疗。

相比于安慰剂治疗,nivolumab治疗能明显延长患者的中位OS(5.26 vs 4.14个月),如图2所示,并且能降低患者的死亡风险(68.5%vs 86.5%;HR 0.63, 95% CI 0.51-0.78; p<0.0001)。针对OS的亚组分析同样显示nivolumab要优于安慰剂治疗,如图3所示。此外,nivolumab组较安慰剂组能降低疾病进展的风险(HR 0.60, 95% CI 0.49-0.75; p<0.0001),两组患者的中位PFS分别为1.61和1.45个月,如图4所示。



图2



图3



图4

相比于基线状态,nivolumab组和安慰剂组患者的客观缓解率为11.2%(30/268,均为PR)和0%(0/131)。在对nivolumab治疗有明确疗效的患者中,产生疗效的中位时间为1.61个月,疗效的中位持续时间为9.53个月。两组中SD的患者百分比分别为29.1%和25.2%,而nivolumab组和安慰剂组的疾病控制率分别为40.0%和25.0%。

Nivolumab组和安慰剂组中任意级别不良反应的发生分别为91%(300/330)和84%(135/161),而任意级别治疗相关不良反应的发生率分别为43%和27%。Nivolumab组中5%以上患者发生的治疗相关不良反应为瘙痒、腹泻、皮疹和疲劳,两组中很少发生3-4级治疗相关不良反应。此外,两组中引起患者死亡的治疗相关不良反应分别有5例和2例,其中nivolumab组中急性肝炎、心脏骤停、未知原因死亡、劳累性呼吸困难和肺炎各1例,安慰剂组中胃肠道穿孔和猝死各1例。两组中严重治疗相关不良反应的发生率分别为10.0%和5.0%,引起治疗中断的治疗相关不良反应的发生率分别为3%和2%。

针对PD-L1的探索性分析发现,nivolumab组和安慰剂组中PD-L1阳性患者的中位OS分别为5.22和3.83个月,而PD-L1阴性患者的中位OS分别为6.05和4.19个月,如图5所示。事后亚组分析显示,不论患者之前是否接受过ramucirumab治疗,nivolumab均能提高患者的OS。


图5

结论:

Nivolumab是第一个在大型III期临床研究中证实对晚期胃癌或胃-食管结合部肿瘤有疗效的免疫检查点抑制剂,nivolumab能明显改善患者的OS,在早期见效,并且能引起持久的临床疗效。这些数据表明,nivolumab可以成为多线治疗失败患者的标准治疗方案,同样也支持nivolumab对晚期胃癌或胃-食管结合部肿瘤更早线治疗的持续评估。

点评:

在该项III期临床研究中,nivolumab给患者带来的生存获益表明nivolumab可以作为晚期胃癌或胃-食管结合部肿瘤多线治疗后的一种新的治疗选择。这些积极的研究结果也支持nivolumab在非亚裔患者以及更早线治疗方案的研究。

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href='/topic/show?id=94c182929d0' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#肿瘤患者#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=24, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=82929, encryptionId=94c182929d0, topicName=肿瘤患者)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=60943920553, createdName=lanyan20020087, createdTime=Tue Oct 17 08:56:00 CST 2017, time=2017-10-17, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1437260, encodeId=15f9143e2605a, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=0e311010591a' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#食管#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=27, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=101059, encryptionId=0e311010591a, topicName=食管)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, 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replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/mONcle9pic3zSn0GqHrsfLGSUSR8zwnWWLT4FMl5XH8S58HuZslVkLsAPbXDXaliagK7TOxQfmngKibG1yrDonepCLDkcxGk8hS/0, createdBy=b8282062892, createdName=changjiu, createdTime=Sun Oct 15 20:36:47 CST 2017, time=2017-10-15, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2018-02-16 tamgche
  4. 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replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/mONcle9pic3zSn0GqHrsfLGSUSR8zwnWWLT4FMl5XH8S58HuZslVkLsAPbXDXaliagK7TOxQfmngKibG1yrDonepCLDkcxGk8hS/0, createdBy=b8282062892, createdName=changjiu, createdTime=Sun Oct 15 20:36:47 CST 2017, time=2017-10-15, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2018-05-11 howi
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replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/mONcle9pic3zSn0GqHrsfLGSUSR8zwnWWLT4FMl5XH8S58HuZslVkLsAPbXDXaliagK7TOxQfmngKibG1yrDonepCLDkcxGk8hS/0, createdBy=b8282062892, createdName=changjiu, createdTime=Sun Oct 15 20:36:47 CST 2017, time=2017-10-15, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
  6. 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replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/mONcle9pic3zSn0GqHrsfLGSUSR8zwnWWLT4FMl5XH8S58HuZslVkLsAPbXDXaliagK7TOxQfmngKibG1yrDonepCLDkcxGk8hS/0, createdBy=b8282062892, createdName=changjiu, createdTime=Sun Oct 15 20:36:47 CST 2017, time=2017-10-15, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
  7. 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replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/mONcle9pic3zSn0GqHrsfLGSUSR8zwnWWLT4FMl5XH8S58HuZslVkLsAPbXDXaliagK7TOxQfmngKibG1yrDonepCLDkcxGk8hS/0, createdBy=b8282062892, createdName=changjiu, createdTime=Sun Oct 15 20:36:47 CST 2017, time=2017-10-15, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2017-10-17 zhouqu_8
  8. 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    2017-10-16 tanxingdoctor

    学习啦!谢谢分享!

    0

  9. 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replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/mONcle9pic3zSn0GqHrsfLGSUSR8zwnWWLT4FMl5XH8S58HuZslVkLsAPbXDXaliagK7TOxQfmngKibG1yrDonepCLDkcxGk8hS/0, createdBy=b8282062892, createdName=changjiu, createdTime=Sun Oct 15 20:36:47 CST 2017, time=2017-10-15, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2017-10-15 changjiu

    学习了.谢谢

    0

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近年来,一些新的药物作为晚期肾细胞癌(RCC)的二线治疗药出现。在一项CheckMate 025研究中,相比依维莫司,纳武单抗(Nivolumab)提高了整体的生存率以及和治疗相关低毒性。然而,由于其治疗费用高昂,有必要重新考量其疗效和成本关系以评估其真实的价值。

Neurology:Nivolumab治疗引发重症肌无力

研究认为,应加强免疫检查点抑制剂治疗后导致的重症肌无力的监控,出现症状后及时干预