国家卫生健康委:急诊患者6小时内务必出核酸检测结果

2020-07-13 张文康(整理) 健康界

为进一步规范新冠病毒核酸检测工作,更好地保证检测质量,提高检测效率,满足新冠病毒核酸检测需求,日前,国家卫生健康委发布《医疗机构新型冠状病毒核酸检测工作手册(试行)》。

为进一步规范新冠病毒核酸检测工作,更好地保证检测质量,提高检测效率,满足新冠病毒核酸检测需求,日前,国家卫生健康委发布《医疗机构新型冠状病毒核酸检测工作手册(试行)》。

其中明确,各医疗机构的检测能力应当与门急诊就诊人次、住院人次等诊疗量相匹配,避免采集数量明显超出检测能力导致的标本积压、标本失效、检测结果反馈迟缓等问题。另外,各医疗机构在采集标本时,要做到分区采样。即根据不同采集对象设置不同的采样区域,将发热患者与其他患者、“愿检尽检”人群分区采样,避免交叉感染

技术人员“基本功”要过硬

作为核酸检测最重要的一环,该手册对负责新型冠状病毒核酸检测的采样人员、检测人员等技术人员提出了严格要求。首先,从事新冠病毒核酸检测标本采集的技术人员应当经过生物安全培训,且要培训合格。应熟悉标本种类和采集方法,熟练掌握标本采集操作流程及注意事项。最重要的是,要做好标本信息的记录,确保标本质量符合要求、标本及相关信息可追溯。

而对于实验室检测技术人员,要求“基本功”要过硬。实验室检测技术人员应当具备相关专业的大专以上学历或具有中级及以上专业技术职务任职资格,并有2年以上的实验室工作经历和基因检验相关培训合格证书。为保证及时、熟练地进行实验和报告结果,结果的准确性得到更好的保障,实验室配备的工作人员应当与所开展检测项目及标本量相适宜。

样本送检“求快”

核酸检测的及时有效离不开采样点设置及人员配置的配合。作为医疗机构新冠病毒核酸检测工作最新指南,手册中明确,医疗机构设置新冠病毒采样点应当遵循安全、科学、便民的原则。采样点应当为独立空间,具备通风条件,内部划分相应的清洁区和污染区,配备手卫生设施或装置。此外,采样点需尽可能保证人员单向流动,严格落实“1米线”制度,严控人员密度。

而对于采样人员的配置情况,手册中写到,每个采样点应当配备1-2名采样人员。合理安排采样人员轮替,原则上每2-4小时轮岗休息1次。为起到更好地防护效果,“N95及以上防护口罩、护目镜、防护服、乳胶手套、防水靴套”这些都是采样人员的标配装备。另外,一旦接触患者血液、体液、分泌物或排泄物,则要戴上双层乳胶手套。当手套被污染时,务必及时更换外层乳胶手套。

手册称,工作人员应采集呼吸道标本,其中,重症病例优先采集下呼吸道标本,包括呼吸道吸取物、支气管灌洗液、肺泡灌洗液、深咳痰液等。手册对于标本采集后的送检时间有着明确要求,即室温放置不超过4小时,应在2至4小时内送到实验室。如果需要长途运输标本,应采用干冰等制冷方式进行保存,严格按照相关规定包装运输。

急诊患者6小时内出报告

关于近日大家非常关心的核酸检测结果反馈情况,手册中也着重强调,根据形势缓急,报告时限分为三档。

对于发热门诊、急诊患者,在6小时内报告核酸检测结果;对于普通门诊、住院患者及陪护人员等人群,原则上在12小时内报告结果;对于“愿检尽检”人群,一般在24小时内报告结果。医疗机构应当为受检者出具检测报告,并告知其查询方式,不得以任何理由不出具检测报告。

至于核酸检测报告,医疗机构可采用纸质、快递、网络或信息化系统等多种形式发放,但要注意保护好个人隐私。一旦发现核酸检测阳性结果时应按相关要求在12小时内进行传染病上报及后续流行病学调查工作。

核酸检测要做到信息化

医疗机构应当在卫生健康行政部门统筹下,做好标本采集、核酸检测、检测报告的信息对接工作。

要建立统一的信息采集扫码程序,其中信息应至少包括姓名、性别、年龄、身份证号、联系电话,做到标本采集的个人信息与医疗机构信息系统顺利对接,各医疗机构间应做到信息互通、互采、互认。

此外,手册还明确了标本安全管理、实验室检测安全管理、实验室医疗废物管理、实验室污染的处理等方面的具体内容。

 

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    2020-07-14 lyh994

    6小时

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