BMJ:软式乙状结肠镜检查对不同性别和年龄段的个体进行结直肠癌筛查的效果如何?

2017-01-16 xing.T MedSci原创

在男性和年轻女性中,软式乙状结肠镜是大肠癌筛查的有效工具。而对于年龄在60岁以上的女性来说,好处相对较小并且没有统计学意义;对于这些女性来说,应该考虑选择更有效的可以检测出近端肿瘤的替代筛查方法。

最近,顶级杂志BMJ上发表了一篇研究文章,研究者比较用软式乙状结肠镜检查对不同性别和年龄段的个体进行结直肠癌筛查的有效性。 

研究人员对随机试验(美国前列腺、肺脏、大肠和卵巢癌症筛查试验(PLCO),意大利结肠和直肠筛查试验(SCORE)以及挪威结直肠癌预防试验(NORCCAP))进行了合并分析。研究人员将每一个随机试验在筛查时根据性别、年龄进行分层的结直肠癌发病率和死亡率相关数据进行汇总。这些研究对象纳入研究的标准为:年龄55-74岁(PLCO),55-64岁(SCORE)和50-64岁(NORCCAP)。这些患者被随机分组,分别接受一次软式乙状结肠镜检查(SCORENORCCAP)或两次软式乙状结肠镜检查(PLCO),或接受常规筛查(不干预)。 

在这个汇总分析中研究人员共纳入了287928名参与者;其中115139名参与者被随机分配接受软式乙状结肠镜筛查,而172789名参与者接受常规筛查。SCORENORCCAPPLCO研究的依从率分别为58%63%87%。中位随访时间为10.512.1年。软式乙状结肠镜筛查降低了男性(相对风险为0.7695%可信区间为0.700.83)和女性(0.830.750.92)大肠癌的发病率。而在60岁以下的男性和60岁以上的男性软式乙状结肠镜筛查效果差异无统计学意义。另外,研究者发现软式乙状结肠镜筛查可以降低60岁以下女性大肠癌的发病率(相对危险度为0.7195%可信区间为0.590.84),但在那些年龄在60岁或以上的女性中并不显著(0.900.801.02)。在年轻和老年男性以及60岁以下的女性中,软式乙状结肠镜筛查可显著降低大肠癌死亡率。软式乙状结肠镜筛查降低大肠癌的发病率与在男性和女性远端结肠的发病率程度类似,但在年龄较大的女性中,近端结肠的筛查对大肠癌发病率没有影响,但发现性别和年龄组之间存在显著的交互作用(P=0.04)。 

由此可见,在男性和年轻女性中,软式乙状结肠镜是大肠癌筛查的有效工具。而对于年龄在60岁以上的女性来说,好处相对较小并且没有统计学意义;对于这些女性来说,应该考虑选择更有效的可以检测出近端肿瘤的替代筛查方法。 

原始出处: 

Øyvind Holme, et al. Effectiveness of flexible sigmoidoscopy screening in men and women and different age groups: pooled analysis of randomised trials.BMJ 2017; 356 doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.i6673 (Published 13 January 2017) 

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