J Am Coll Cardiol.:老年患者他汀一级预防ASCVD 指南建议南辕北辙?

2018-03-08 王立群 环球医学

无论做什么事情,只要有了“定心丸”,做起来就会快速且高效。在疾病治疗的方面,亦是如此。其中指南对疾病治疗所用药物给予明确的指导无疑是医生治病和患者获得最佳治疗的一剂“定心丸”。

无论做什么事情,只要有了“定心丸”,做起来就会快速且高效。在疾病治疗的方面,亦是如此。其中指南对疾病治疗所用药物给予明确的指导无疑是医生治病和患者获得最佳治疗的一剂“定心丸”。

然而,关于>65岁的老年人使用他汀类药物一级预防动脉粥样硬化性心血管疾病(ASCVD),目前在北美和欧洲使用的5个主要指南的建议不一致,阐述的潜在益处也不尽相同。而这个不一致性很有可能会对老年患者的健康带来巨大的影响。

2018年1月,科学家在《J Am Coll Cardiol》发文,试图确定这种不一致性对老年人的影响,从而明确指导意见的重要性。

据悉,ASCVD的风险随着年龄的增加而增加,并在老年人群中有高发病率、高事件发生率、高患病率和高治疗费用的特点。而在老年患者(这里定义为>65岁的个体)中,他汀类药物治疗是一种潜在的安全、有效且廉价的ASCVD一级预防措施,此外在特征广泛的人群中他汀类药物被证明具有良好的耐受性且能改善ASCVD结局。

在高收入国家,ASCVD的负担主要来源于老年人。随着预期寿命的延长,明确合理使用他汀类药物预防首次和潜在破坏性ASCVD事件的指南对于确保老龄人群健康至关重要。

据了解,自2013年以来,北美和欧洲已经发布5个关于他汀类药物一级预防ASCVD的主要指南(经由美国心脏病学院/美国心脏病协会、英国国家卫生和卓越治疗研究所、加拿大心血管协会、美国预防服务工作组、欧洲心脏病学会/欧洲动脉粥样硬化协会发布)。并且,随着老年人群中的日益增加,他汀类药物一级预防ASCVD的指导意见显著不同给医护人员带来了很大困惑。

此外,相关的指南还存在2个极端:一个极端是,多个指南未能对不同年龄段的老年患者提供相应建议,如2016年的ESC/ EAS指南未对年龄在66岁~75岁之间的老年人提供安全、廉价和循证预防的相应建议;而另一个极端是,2014年的NICE指南提供了近乎普遍适用的治疗建议,包括>75岁的高龄患者,但在这个年龄范围内,RCT的证据很少,而且更加不确定。

而如果这些指南在临床实践中被严格遵循,那么治疗建议中的巨大异质性将对>65岁老年患者的ASCVD预防产生巨大的影响。在可以获得更多的证据之前,在>75岁的年龄组中,他汀类药物一级预防必须建立在知情同意的共同决策基础上。

并且为减缓ASCVD日益增加的负担,指南需要应对快速变化的人口统计数据,明确和有力地指导如何最佳分配老年人的预防性他汀治疗。真正地,有理由相信他汀类药物用于老年人的益处可能对个人和社会都非常重要。

STAREE (减少老年人事件的他汀类药物)研究为一项目前正在进行的一级预防研究,招募了≥70岁的人群,以确定他汀类药物治疗老年人的有效性和安全性。这项试验很可能会为老年人群的他汀类使用提供重要的见解。

原始出处:

Mortensen MB, Falk E. Primary Prevention With Statins in the Elderly. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2018 Jan

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    2019-01-24 waiwai3030
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    2018-07-29 quxin068
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    2018-03-10 doctorzheng
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    2018-03-08 orangesking

    0

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