一文读懂胃癌近期研究进展

2016-09-17 MedSci MedSci原创

胃癌是世界第三大癌症。在中国,每年有超过四十万病人受到胃癌的危害。对于局部晚期胃癌患者来说,目前手术彻底切除仍然是现有治疗方案的基石。胃癌在任何年龄均可发生,以50~60岁居多。胃癌具有起病隐匿、早期常因无明显症状而漏诊、易转移与复发和预后差等特点。胃癌的病因迄今尚未完全阐明。通过对胃癌发病的地理分布以及与移民关系的研究,一般认为外界环境和饮食因素与胃癌的发生关系最为密切,人体还有些利于胃癌发

胃癌是世界第三大癌症。在中国,每年有超过四十万病人受到胃癌的危害。对于局部晚期胃癌患者来说,目前手术彻底切除仍然是现有治疗方案的基石。

胃癌在任何年龄均可发生,以50~60岁居多。胃癌具有起病隐匿、早期常因无明显症状而漏诊、易转移与复发和预后差等特点。胃癌的病因迄今尚未完全阐明。通过对胃癌发病的地理分布以及与移民关系的研究,一般认为外界环境和饮食因素与胃癌的发生关系最为密切,人体还有些利于胃癌发生的条件,也是不容忽视的。

【1】Gastroenterology:新研究或可帮助解决胃癌诊断治疗难题

来自新加坡国立大学癌症科学研究所的研究人员发现RNA序列发生改变可能影响胃癌发展。对这一胃癌驱动力的进一步研究或将促进胃癌早期诊断技术以及有效治疗手段的开发。相关研究结果发表在国际学术期刊Gastroenterology上。

研究团队对比了正常情况下到胃癌不同阶段的RNA编辑水平,发现在胃癌发展过程中存在RNA编辑水平的紊乱。研究人员还发现胃癌病人的肿瘤样本中存在ADAR表达的高度不平衡,该现象可以预测病人可能出现最差的临床预后情况。

DNA突变通常发生在癌症的晚期阶段,而与此不同,RNA的变化发生地更加频繁。在疾病发生的早期阶段,RNA编辑水平的变化可以在癌变前样本中得到稳定检测。因此该研究表明检测病人体内ADAR1和ADAR2的表达量及两者的比值,特别是在早期阶段,可以帮助预测胃癌病人的预后情况。

研究人员表示他们将继续研究RNA编辑过程中驱动胃癌发展的关键事件,探索改正这一过程的安全有效方法。目前他们正在开发一些小分子来阻断驱动癌症发展的RNA编辑过程。(文章详见--Gastroenterology:新研究或可帮助解决胃癌诊断治疗难题

【2】ASCO 2016:奥拉帕利(Olaparib)全面开战:卵巢癌乳腺癌、胃癌

背景:II期临床研究Study39入组了124例AGC患者,研究结果显示,无论是整体人群还是ATM低表达(ATMlow)的患者,二线Olaparib联合紫杉醇序贯(O/P组)对比紫杉醇(P)单药,可以显著延长患者的OS (Bang et al JCO 2015)。本研究探索性分析了其他潜在的生物标志物与ATM表达水平及临床疗效的关系。

结果:124例研究者中,55例患者(ATMlow, n = 28; ATM positive [+ve], n = 27)有≥1个组织标本可以进行肿瘤基因组分析(evaluable for tumor genetics, EFTG)。其中,6例患者(11%)合并ATM功能缺失突变(均为ATMlow),35例(64%)患者合并TP53突变(TP53m)。HRRm(包括ATM)、ARID1A突变和MSI-like患者各为11、19和7例,这些患者多数为ATMlow。

结论:对于AGC患者,ATM表达水平仍然是预测Olaparib疗效的最佳生物标志物。(文章详见--ASCO 2016:奥拉帕利(Olaparib)全面开战:卵巢癌、乳腺癌、胃癌)

【3】Lancet Oncology:PD-1抑制剂开启胃癌免疫治疗之门

近期 Lancet Oncology 发表了考察 Pembrolizumab 治疗 PD-L1 阳性晚期胃癌患者疗效的 KEYNOTE-012 研究的最终结果及述评。研究结果显示53%患者发生了肿瘤退缩,22%患者达到了影像学部分缓解,缓解中位持续时间为40周。同时,Pembrolizumab 毒性也优于标准二线化疗。述评作者认为这项研究为晚期胃癌治疗带来了希望,同时晚期胃癌免疫治疗领域尚存很多并未明确的问题,需要进一步的研究。

晚期胃癌患者的预后是很差的:转移性患者2年生存率不到 10%-15%。曲妥珠单抗和雷莫芦单抗分别在 HER2 阳性胃癌和胃癌二线治疗领域些许改善了总生存(OS),由于该领域经历了太多失败,因此这两个药物的表现也是非常值得注意的。而在这个充满挑战的情况下,Kei Muro 团队进行的 KEYNOTE-012 研究的结果令人期待。(文章详见--Lancet Oncology:PD-1抑制剂开启胃癌免疫治疗之门

【4】JCO:中国研究团队发现腹腔镜远端胃切除术治疗胃癌是安全的

目前治疗晚期胃癌的腹腔镜远端胃部切除术联合D2淋巴切除术的安全性和有效性尚存在争议。来自中国的科研团队进行了一项随机对照试验来比较腹腔镜的和传统的开放式远端胃切除术以及D2淋巴结切除术治疗晚期胃癌的效果和安全性。
 
在2012年9月到2014年12月期间,共有1056名临床T2-4An0-3m0期胃癌患者参与了此项研究。受试者被随机均分为两组,每组528人,其中一组接受腹腔镜远端胃部切除术和淋巴结切除术,另一组接受开放式胃切除术和D2淋巴结切除术。来自中国14家医院的15名经验丰富的医生进行了此项试验。在意向性治疗分析原则的基础上,比较手术后三十天内两组间死亡率和发病率的差异。术后并发症是根据Clavien-Dindo分类法进行分级的。两组的D2淋巴结切除术服从率很接近。手术后,腹腔镜切除术组的发病率为15.2%,而另一组则为12.9%,二者并没有显著性差异。两组的死亡率分别为0.4%和0。两组间的严重性的分布也很类似。
 
通过此次研究,我们可以发现对于经验丰富的医生来说,进行腹腔镜远端胃部切除术以及D2淋巴切除术治疗晚期胃癌是安全的。(文章详见--JCO:中国研究团队发现腹腔镜远端胃切除术治疗胃癌是安全的

【5】Clin Nutr:类胡萝卜素和胃癌风险

研究者进行了一项荟萃分析,探究类胡萝卜素和胃癌风险。根据研究间异质性,选择固定或随机效应模型,对纳入的研究进行荟萃分析,比较类胡萝卜素摄入量最高组和最低组间的胃癌风险。

研究共纳入了13项病例对照研究(3919病例,7400对照)和8项队列研究(1972名胃癌患者,96691名参与者)。

对病例对照研究进行荟萃分析的结果显示,只有摄入β-胡萝卜素和α-胡萝卜素才可以显著降低胃癌风险,β-胡萝卜素、α-胡萝卜素、番茄红素和叶黄素合并后OR(95%CI)分别为0.52(0.46-0.59)、0.59(0.37-0.92)、0.88(0.55-1.41)和0.85(0.56-1.30)。队列研究荟萃分析结果显示,β-胡萝卜素、α-胡萝卜素、番茄红素和叶黄素合并后RR(95%CI)分别为0.72(0.50-1.03)、0.79(0.58-1.07)、0.80(0.60-1.07)和0.95(0.77-1.18)。

尽管病例对照研究表明β-胡萝卜素和α-胡萝卜素可降低胃癌风险,但是队列研究却没有表现出相同的结果,因此类胡萝卜素的摄入和胃癌的风险还需要更多的研究。(文章详见--Clin Nutr:类胡萝卜素和胃癌风险

【6】Br J Cancer:根除幽门螺杆菌可能无法阻止胃癌发生?

内镜切除术后(ER),根除幽门螺杆菌是否抑制胃癌的发展仍然是有争议的。本研究的目的是阐明(1)幽门螺杆菌与致癌过程相关分子标记物;(2)根除幽门螺旋杆菌后相关分子的变化。

首先研究人员收纳了131名因胃部肿瘤接受内窥镜切除术患者和22名慢性胃炎患者(对照组),评估了MSI(微卫星不稳定),hMLH1的甲基化状态,CDKN2A和APC基因,以及应用单克隆抗体(mAb)Das-1的免疫反应性。随后,研究人员在19名幽门螺杆菌根除患者和17名参与幽门螺杆菌随机试验的未非根除患者中对1年时的分子标记物变化进行描述。

研究结论,幽门螺杆菌的根除并没有使与致癌过程有关的分子发生显著性改变,这表明幽门螺杆菌根除可能无法阻止肠上皮化生(IM)患者黏膜下的异时性胃癌发展。(文章详见--Br J Cancer:根除幽门螺杆菌可能无法阻止胃癌发生?

【7】BMC Cancer:咖啡喝多了会增加胃癌风险吗?

研究者检索了PubMed、EMBASE等数据库中相关的前瞻性研究,使用随机效应模型计算汇总后风险估计和95%置信区间;使用I(2)统计值估计异质性;使用Begg检验和Egger检验评估发表偏倚。

该荟萃分析最终纳入了13个前瞻性研究共20项独立报告,涉及3368例胃癌患者和1372811名参与者,随访时间4.3-8年。与咖啡摄入量最低的组相比,胃癌风险RR=1.13(95 % CI: 0.94-1.35)。剂量-反应分析表明,每人每天喝3杯咖啡,胃癌风险RR=1.03 (95 % CI; 0.95-1.11)。研究者没有发现咖啡摄入量与胃癌风险间的任何非线性关联(非线性,P= 0.68)。亚组分析表明,美国地区咖啡摄入量最高和最低组相比,胃癌风险RR=1.36 (95 % CI, 1.06-1.75, I (2) = 0 %)。此外,不到10年的随访数据显示,随着咖啡摄入量的增加,胃癌风险增加25%(RR = 1.25; 95 % CI, 1.01-1.55, I (2) = 0 %)。漏斗图、Begg's和Egger's检验没有发现发表偏倚。

该荟萃结果不支持咖啡摄入量与胃癌风险的关系,但是根据美国的不到10年的随访组数据,研究人员发现随咖啡摄入量增加胃癌风险增加。未来还需要更多的相关研究探究两者间的关系。(文章详见--BMC Cancer:咖啡喝多了会增加胃癌风险吗?

【8】Eur J Cancer:胃切除术后一年BMI可预测胃癌患者的长期生存情况

胃癌患者术前BMI和术后生存率间的联系目前不明确,此外术后BMI对生存的影响也不清楚,而胃切除术后出现体重下降是不可避免的。研究者纳入了1909名胃癌切除术的胃癌患者,根据患者BMI将其分为三组:低 (<18.5 kg/m2)、正常(18.5-24.9 kg/m2)、高(≥25.0 kg/m2)。在基线和术后1年比较不同BMI组的患者生存情况。

研究数据显示,胃切除术后一年高BMI组与正常组或低BMI组比较,整体生存、疾病特异性生存和无复发生存时间均更长。校正患者年龄、性别、手术方式、肿瘤分期、组织学、根治性切除术等混杂因素后,Cox比例风险模型分析显示,术后一年高BMI组与正常组比较,整体死亡率更低(HR 0.51; 95% CI, 0.26-0.98)。不过基线BMI并不是独立的预后因素。

研究结果表明,与术前BMI相比,术后一年BMI可预测胃切除术后胃癌患者的长期生存。(文章详见--Eur J Cancer:胃切除术后一年BMI可预测胃癌患者的长期生存情况

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  1. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=136223, encodeId=14d71362230a, content=学习了,很受益,谢谢分享,继续关注中!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=39, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/oLAjfB7s1ib06iaV3D9Tg5K3j7ibEWPiarwpqibEYqqX9yVibV5uebib0O7hQSOPmqGrb5FfyDbLsLawnz7ShAb5ibtiayWgI5ClMTh5v/0, createdBy=a47c1614293, createdName=童小孩, createdTime=Tue Sep 27 17:07:47 CST 2016, time=2016-09-27, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=134344, encodeId=2a4f134344e1, content=对于局部晚期胃癌患者来说,目前手术彻底切除仍然是现有治疗方案的基石。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=52, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/jW482SpianMayicTRbRZ5RzcjoLTEEgkSSQ8pVIiaf4a4INaoMLBV16QEk3dvvBRpicwIwmDGv0jePErJ4aE9ibVBDPtkialQLT9Bs/0, createdBy=04811949400, createdName=邓启付, createdTime=Sat Sep 24 13:47:00 CST 2016, time=2016-09-24, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=134341, encodeId=560713434155, content=胃癌是中国第三大癌症。在中国每年有超过四十万病人受到胃癌的危害,太可怕了,如此庞大的数字。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=0, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/jW482SpianMayicTRbRZ5RzcjoLTEEgkSSQ8pVIiaf4a4INaoMLBV16QEk3dvvBRpicwIwmDGv0jePErJ4aE9ibVBDPtkialQLT9Bs/0, createdBy=04811949400, createdName=邓启付, createdTime=Sat Sep 24 13:45:00 CST 2016, time=2016-09-24, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=132211, encodeId=83f0132211a0, content=胃癌奥拉帕尼不是阴性结果吗, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=40, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=4bfa83595, createdName=jetleo, createdTime=Wed Sep 21 08:58:00 CST 2016, time=2016-09-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1380555, encodeId=2341138055570, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=9281e34519b' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#研究进展#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=0, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=73451, encryptionId=9281e34519b, topicName=研究进展)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=f13d475, createdName=mashirong, createdTime=Mon Sep 19 04:25:00 CST 2016, time=2016-09-19, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=129918, encodeId=f9a3129918bb, content=学习了,赞一个!!!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=44, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/mStl88fu4NfNLvzZhgPxRuUXgacXpPeW0x8Z3Qr9c3I2kTic4ZIpR29iaftYgkjRcbv982icYMtqANBPYBgPnOia6mVtX76qMXuc/0, createdBy=ebe61630855, createdName=1dd8a7c5m95(暂无匿称), createdTime=Sun Sep 18 08:10:00 CST 2016, time=2016-09-18, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=129775, encodeId=9839129e75cd, content=很好的内容,值得学习。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=18, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=ceb079804, createdName=lhl629, createdTime=Sat Sep 17 22:33:00 CST 2016, time=2016-09-17, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2016-09-27 童小孩

    学习了,很受益,谢谢分享,继续关注中!

    0

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    2016-09-24 邓启付

    对于局部晚期胃癌患者来说,目前手术彻底切除仍然是现有治疗方案的基石。

    0

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    2016-09-24 邓启付

    胃癌是中国第三大癌症。在中国每年有超过四十万病人受到胃癌的危害,太可怕了,如此庞大的数字。

    0

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    2016-09-21 jetleo

    胃癌奥拉帕尼不是阴性结果吗

    0

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    2016-09-18 1dd8a7c5m95(暂无匿称)

    学习了,赞一个!!!

    0

  7. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=136223, encodeId=14d71362230a, content=学习了,很受益,谢谢分享,继续关注中!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=39, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/oLAjfB7s1ib06iaV3D9Tg5K3j7ibEWPiarwpqibEYqqX9yVibV5uebib0O7hQSOPmqGrb5FfyDbLsLawnz7ShAb5ibtiayWgI5ClMTh5v/0, createdBy=a47c1614293, createdName=童小孩, createdTime=Tue Sep 27 17:07:47 CST 2016, time=2016-09-27, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=134344, encodeId=2a4f134344e1, content=对于局部晚期胃癌患者来说,目前手术彻底切除仍然是现有治疗方案的基石。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=52, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/jW482SpianMayicTRbRZ5RzcjoLTEEgkSSQ8pVIiaf4a4INaoMLBV16QEk3dvvBRpicwIwmDGv0jePErJ4aE9ibVBDPtkialQLT9Bs/0, createdBy=04811949400, createdName=邓启付, createdTime=Sat Sep 24 13:47:00 CST 2016, time=2016-09-24, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=134341, encodeId=560713434155, content=胃癌是中国第三大癌症。在中国每年有超过四十万病人受到胃癌的危害,太可怕了,如此庞大的数字。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=0, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/jW482SpianMayicTRbRZ5RzcjoLTEEgkSSQ8pVIiaf4a4INaoMLBV16QEk3dvvBRpicwIwmDGv0jePErJ4aE9ibVBDPtkialQLT9Bs/0, createdBy=04811949400, createdName=邓启付, createdTime=Sat Sep 24 13:45:00 CST 2016, time=2016-09-24, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=132211, encodeId=83f0132211a0, content=胃癌奥拉帕尼不是阴性结果吗, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=40, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=4bfa83595, createdName=jetleo, createdTime=Wed Sep 21 08:58:00 CST 2016, time=2016-09-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1380555, encodeId=2341138055570, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=9281e34519b' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#研究进展#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=0, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=73451, encryptionId=9281e34519b, topicName=研究进展)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=f13d475, createdName=mashirong, createdTime=Mon Sep 19 04:25:00 CST 2016, time=2016-09-19, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=129918, encodeId=f9a3129918bb, content=学习了,赞一个!!!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=44, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/mStl88fu4NfNLvzZhgPxRuUXgacXpPeW0x8Z3Qr9c3I2kTic4ZIpR29iaftYgkjRcbv982icYMtqANBPYBgPnOia6mVtX76qMXuc/0, createdBy=ebe61630855, createdName=1dd8a7c5m95(暂无匿称), createdTime=Sun Sep 18 08:10:00 CST 2016, time=2016-09-18, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=129775, encodeId=9839129e75cd, content=很好的内容,值得学习。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=18, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=ceb079804, createdName=lhl629, createdTime=Sat Sep 17 22:33:00 CST 2016, time=2016-09-17, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2016-09-17 lhl629

    很好的内容,值得学习。

    0

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