Nat Biotechnol: 重大突破,来源人的细胞居然能治疗猕猴的心脏病

2018-07-03 枫叶 iNature

2018年7月2日,华盛顿大学Murry等研究组在Nature Biotechnology杂志在线发表题为“Human embryonic stem cell–derived cardiomyocytes restore function in infarcted hearts of non-human primates”的研究论文,该论文揭示了冷冻保存的人胚胎干细胞来源的心肌细胞(hESC-CM

2018年7月2日,华盛顿大学Murry等研究组在Nature Biotechnology杂志在线发表题为“Human embryonic stem cell–derived cardiomyocytes restore function in infarcted hearts of non-human primates”的研究论文,该论文揭示了冷冻保存的人胚胎干细胞来源的心肌细胞(hESC-CMs)的移植增强了具有大的心肌梗塞的猕猴的心脏功能。在hESC-CM移植后一个月,整体左心室射血分数提高了10.6±0.9%而对照组只是提高了2.5±0.8%,并且在3个月时治疗组额外增加了12.4%,而对照组下降了3.5%。hESC-CM在梗塞的猕猴心脏中提供了稳定和持久的心脏功能改善。这极大的推动了干细胞在人类的临床应用过程,干细胞进入临床做了很好的研究基础。

心脏病比世界上任何其他疾病都更为严重。大部分发病率和死亡率是由于心脏是人体内再生最少的器官之一而发生的。心肌细胞增殖的能力限于每年约1%,并且很难确定能够以显着水平产生新的心肌细胞的心脏干细胞群。结果,心脏损伤,例如心肌梗塞,瘢痕形成愈合,以及心脏失去与肌肉缺乏直接相关的收缩能力。当失去显着的心肌质量时,患者通常会发展为心力衰竭。药物治疗心力衰竭症状,但没有解决肌肉缺乏的根本问题。

在过去的20年中,已经进行了大量的努力来通过肌肉再生来诱导心脏愈合而不是疤痕作用。包括诱导心肌细胞增殖和将成纤维细胞重编程为心肌细胞。但是在这里,华盛顿大学Murry等研究组着重于从hESCs衍生的人心肌细胞的移植。这些早期心肌细胞在移植后存活,并在心肌梗死动物模型中形成新的成熟心肌。当移植到小鼠,大鼠和豚鼠的梗塞中时,它们改善心脏功能。Murry等研究组最近的一项研究表明,hESC-CMs可以使短尾猴的梗塞心脏重新焕发活力,在那里它们与宿主心脏形成机电连接并同步跳动。虽然小动物研究显示没有心律失常的证据,但在猴子中,hESC-CM导致了一段短暂的室性心律失常。当将猴多能干细胞衍生的心肌细胞移植到梗塞的猴心中时,报道了类似的室性心律失常。

目前的研究旨在解决hESC-CM中的两个主要缺陷。首先要了解hESC-CM是否可以恢复大动物生理相关的收缩功能。为此,Murry等研究组选择了非人类灵长类动物猕猴(Macaca nemestrina),因为它与人类的进化接近,两个物种心血管系统非常相似,以及它在移植生物学中是一个完善的模型。这个模型应该能够对人类hESC-CM移植的反应做出最好的预测。其次是了解hESC-CM诱导的室性心律失常的生理学基础。

Murry等研究组在这里报告说,hESC-CM在梗塞的猕猴心脏中提供了稳定和持久的心脏功能改善。Murry等研究组还提供证据表明移植物诱导的心律失常是起搏器样活动造成的,而非异常传导。

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    2018-10-06 cathymary
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    2018-11-08 liye789132251
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    2019-04-05 shock_melon
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    2018-11-08 sunylz

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