eLife:再生牙根,或将成为可能

2019-08-10 佚名 中国生物技术网

近日,美国南加州大学Herman Ostrow牙科学院副院长Yang Chai和四川大学华西口腔医院的研究团队合作,发现表观遗传调控可以控制牙根的形成和发育。该研究近日已发表在《eLife》上。

为了深入理解人体随时间推移是如何变化的,研究人员正越来越多地关注表观遗传学。现在,这一研究领域也延伸到了牙齿。牙齿对许多生理功能都非常重要,例如咀嚼和表达语言。而牙根是促进这些功能的关键因素,因为它将牙齿固定在颌骨上,为我们提供精确的咬合支撑。然而,调节牙根形成和发育的机制在很大程度上仍然是未知的。

近日,美国南加州大学Herman Ostrow牙科学院副院长Yang Chai和四川大学华西口腔医院的研究团队合作,发现表观遗传调控可以控制牙根的形成和发育。该研究近日已发表在《eLife》上。

不同的牙齿有不同数量的根。门牙和犬齿各有一个,臼齿有两到三个。牙根把牙齿固定在颌骨上,为血液和神经到达牙齿提供了一条通道。在发育的过程中,正确地确定牙根的形状和数量对于确保每颗牙齿都有合适的支撑和功能非常重要。

Chai解释说:“这些发现表明平衡的表观遗传调控在确定牙根模式以及根部与颌骨的整合以实现生理功能方面的重要性。总的来说,我们的研究提供了关于器官发生调节的重要线索,并且对未来的牙齿再生具有普遍意义。”

一种叫做Ezh2的蛋白质帮助面部骨骼发育,但目前还不知道它如何影响牙根发育。因此,研究团队观察了当缺失Ezh2的发育中小鼠,其臼齿会发生什么。他们发现当牙齿间充质缺失会导致H3K27Me3组蛋白甲基化减少,还会影响上皮膈肌的形成等问题。因此,Ezh2与另一种名为Arid1a的蛋白质必须保持平衡状态,才能建立牙根模式以及根部与颌骨的正确整合。






目标:再生牙齿,但首先要重生牙根

Chai说:“我对此感到兴奋,因为通过人类进化,我们的饮食和环境已经发生了变化,可以影响我们的表观基因组,你可以清楚地看到我们牙根形成区别与尼安德特人。”

尼安德特人的臼齿比解剖学意义上的现代人有更长的根干,而且根的分裂较晚,它显示出之后在现代人类牙齿在根部之间形成桥梁的证据。这表明类似的调节机制在整个人类进化过程中都起着重要的作用。

平衡也与疾病和健康有关。研究表明,在不同类型的癌症中,两种相反的表观遗传调节因子的平衡非常重要。Chai说,敲除一个调节因子可以致癌,但调节其对立的调节因子可以阻止癌症。

他说:“这些不改变DNA序列的表观遗传调控因子本身很重要,但它们的活性水平也同样重要。基本上,你不能有太多或太少,如果失衡,你就会出现发育问题或疾病。”

Chai教授解释说,他研究牙齿发育规律的最终目的是重长出新牙,但生成整个牙齿非常具有挑战性,因为从发育到长出一颗牙齿需要很长时间。所以他的目标是找到再生臼齿根的方法,并在上面戴上牙冠。

他说:“这将是两全其美的,牙根与颌骨的自然结合让牙周韧带就位,并且通过仅使用牙冠来恢复功能,减少了我们所需的时间”

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    2019-12-16 clmlylxy
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    2020-03-30 膀胱癌
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    2019-08-10 329523732

    不错

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