Nature:华人学者首度发现“免疫指挥官”也会疲惫

2017-08-24 佚名 学术经纬

在人体内,有一群叫做调节性T细胞的免疫卫士。它们虽然数量不多,却在免疫系统中扮演了重要的角色——免疫系统之所以不会“暴走”,都是这群细胞的功劳。如果这群细胞出了啥差错,就会诱发哮喘、过敏、甚至是严重的自身免疫疾病。

在人体内,有一群叫做调节性T细胞的免疫卫士。它们虽然数量不多,却在免疫系统中扮演了重要的角色——免疫系统之所以不会“暴走”,都是这群细胞的功劳。如果这群细胞出了啥差错,就会诱发哮喘、过敏、甚至是严重的自身免疫疾病。


▲本研究的主要负责人迟洪波博士(图片来源:圣犹达儿童研究医院)

今日,顶尖学术刊物《自然》在线刊登了一则来自圣犹达儿童研究医院(St. Jude Children's Research Hospital)的迟洪波博士团队的研究。“人们知道调节性T细胞有‘休息’和‘激活’两种状态。我们的研究则表明,调节性T细胞在失去LKB1信号通路时,也会出现功能性衰竭。”迟洪波博士说。

迟洪波博士所说的LKB1是一种肿瘤抑制蛋白,全名是肝脏激酶B1(liver kinase B1),能控制细胞生长和代谢。在动物模型里,研究人员们发现,失去LKB1功能的小鼠会出现致命的炎症反应。进一步的病理分析确认,这些小鼠的脾脏和淋巴结肿胀,多个器官内有浸润的免疫细胞。这些现象表明,能抑制免疫反应的调节性T细胞出了问题。


▲失去LKB1后,小鼠的多个器官内充盈着浸润免疫细胞(图片来源:《自然》)

为了检验这个想法,研究人员们进一步分析了这些小鼠内的调节性T细胞。他们发现,这些细胞无论从功能上,还是从分子水平上,都彰显出了功能性衰竭的特点。研究人员将这个发现与LKB1的功能联系了起来——敲除LKB1后,那些对线粒体的功能至关重要的代谢通路收到了干扰,从而影响到了调节性T细胞的活性和功能。“LKB1将免疫信号与细胞代谢联系到了一起。”这项研究的第一作者Kai Yang博士说道。


▲本研究的第一作者Kai Yang博士(图片来源:Arthritis National Research Foundation)

有趣的是,LKB1不仅能影响到调节性T细胞本身的健康状况,还会影响到在肿瘤免疫疗法中起了重要作用的分子——PD-1。在分析敲除LKB1前后,调节性T细胞表达的分子差异时,研究人员们意外地发现,在缺乏LKB1的调节性T细胞内,PD-1分子的表达有所上升,这进一步抑制了调节性T细胞的免疫抑制能力,让小鼠体内出现了狂乱的免疫反应。通过抑制PD-1,小鼠体内的调节性T细胞活性有明显恢复,致命的免疫反应也得到了控制。

“我们的数据表明,PD-1也能抑制调节性T细胞的功能。” 迟洪波博士说。


▲LKB1以两种途径,影响到了免疫功能(图片来源:《自然》)

这些数据有力地指出,调节性T细胞的功能衰竭可能是与过敏相关的免疫反应的罪魁祸首。“这项研究也表明,通过调控调节性T细胞的代谢,促进它们的功能,我们有望带来治疗自身免疫疾病的新方法。” 迟洪波博士补充说。

据信,这是人类首次发现调节性T细胞也会出现功能性衰竭。我们祝贺迟洪波博士团队取得的成果,也祝愿这项研究能早日带来自身免疫疾病的全新治疗手段。

原始出处:Kai Yang, Daniel Bastardo Blanco, Geoffrey Neale, et al. Homeostatic control of metabolic and functional fitness of Treg cells by LKB1 signalling. Nature (2017).

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    2018-01-04 liye789132251
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    2017-08-26 Johnson_zhangdr

    学习了.思路可取.

    0

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    2017-08-24 cherry bomb

    学习了谢谢分享

    0

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今天,记者从上海交通大学医学院获悉,该院附属仁济医院沈南研究团队与美国南卡罗来纳医科大学等机构合作发现易感基因,与多种自身免疫疾病相关,为系统性红斑狼疮、类风湿性关节炎以及原发性干燥综合征等自身免疫疾病的治疗干预找到了新靶点。相关成果日前在线发表于《自然—遗传学》。

J Immunol:调节性T细胞缺失引发小鼠Th2型自身免疫胃炎

免疫系统最重要的功能之一就是区分自我与非我,从而在抵抗外界侵染的同时避免对自身组织的误伤。T细胞免疫耐受从胸腺发起,主要由外周的淋巴结组织发挥功能,其中T细胞的删除、免疫耐受以及调节性T细胞共同作用保证体内免疫稳态。 自身免疫性胃炎(AIG)是一类以自身抗体分泌增多为症状之一的胃病。患有此病的患者常常会恶化导致胃癌的发生。 此前对于AIG的研究重要集中在Treg以及免疫耐受方面,其中一个经典的

J Clin Invest:研究确定了诱发自身免疫疾病的“根源”

来自国家犹太卫生研究所的研究人员确定了一种诱发自身免疫疾病的根源,红斑狼疮,克罗恩氏病和多发性硬化症等自身免疫疾病有望得到解决。