Front Aging Neurosci:老年痴呆症可“潜伏”34年

2019-06-30 卢芳 中国循环杂志

老年痴呆症,也就是阿尔茨海默病,根据中国疾病负担报告,过去11年间,从死亡数变化来看,阿尔兹海默病增长了57.8%,在所有疾病中排名第五。

老年痴呆症,也就是阿尔茨海默病,根据中国疾病负担报告,过去11年间,从死亡数变化来看,阿尔兹海默病增长了57.8%,在所有疾病中排名第五。

近日美国一项研究显示,一个人有老年痴呆症症状前34年,大脑就有了变化。

研究显示,一个人老年痴呆症症状出现前11~15年就出现了认知障碍迹象,这些微小变化在认知测试中可见一斑。

影像学检查还发现,症状出现前3~9年,内侧颞叶改变发生变化,而内侧颞叶与记忆相关。

脑脊液检测可见,老年痴呆症患者在34年前其tau蛋白水平就已升高;其认知障碍可见症状出现之前,修饰后的tau蛋白“p-tau”水平增加了13年。

tau蛋白是一种多功能蛋白,通常在清醒时被释放,而在睡眠时被清除,如果过度堆积,会形成神经元纤维缠结,驱使神经变性。

研究者指出,脑部影像扫描和脑脊液检查或有助于评估老年痴呆症10年及以上罹患风险。

这项研究在1995~2013年对290位40岁以上的成人进行了追踪。参与者至少有一位罹患老年痴呆症的一级亲属,并每年均进行5次标准测试,以检查记忆力、学习能力、阅读能力和注意力。研究者还每隔2年收集一次参与者的脑脊液样本和核磁共振脑部扫描结果。

研究开始时,受试者均认知正常,但结束时有81人罹患老年痴呆症。

怎么远离老年痴呆症?

2017年发表的痴呆防治决议报告指出,避免儿童教育水平低、听力损失、吸烟、高血压、肥胖、缺乏身体活动、社会孤立、抑郁和糖尿病等9种因素可降低35%的痴呆。

近期发表的世卫组织痴呆防治指南指出,痴呆并非衰老自然后果,首推运动、戒烟和限酒,保健品无效。

此外,一些不良生活习惯也要注意,比如熬夜、久坐不动等。

发表在Science上的美国研究显示,睡眠不足会增加tau蛋白水平,而且随着时间推移还会加速tau蛋白在脑部的扩散,让人“变傻”。

而且一夜不睡,就会导致tau蛋白水平上升约50%,另一种与老年痴呆症相关的β-淀粉样蛋白也增加了30%。

而一项加拿大学者进行的研究显示,老年人久坐不动,与那些携带致病基因者的老年性痴呆发生风险相似。

如果一个人携带一种名为“APOEe4”的基因时,其老年性痴呆发生风险会上升3~12倍。而研究者发现,如果老年人久坐不动,即使没有携带这种基因,其老年性痴呆发生风险也大增,这种风险强度堪比携带致病基因。

在饮食方面,深色蔬菜可防“变傻”。

Neurology发表的一项研究表明,多吃蔬菜,主要是绿叶蔬菜、橙色和红色蔬菜以及水果,主要是浆果类水果,以及多喝橙汁可能有助预防记忆丧失。

原始出处:
Laurent Younes, et al. Identifying Changepoints in Biomarkers During the Preclinical Phase of Alzheimer’s Disease. Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience. Apr 2019.

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    2020-03-19 Boyinsh
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    2019-07-05 百草

    666

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    2019-07-02 lsndxfj
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    2019-07-01 百草

    666

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    2019-06-30 junJUN

    老年人痴呆何药可用??

    0

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