点赞!华人学者同日再发5篇Nature

2018-04-11 ailsa 生物探索

近日,最新一期《自然》上刊登了两项来自华人学者的研究。同时,《自然》也在线刊登了另外3篇华人学者课题组的论文。在这篇报道中,我们将为各位读者介绍这五项最新发现。1刘如谦(David Liu)教授课题组Evolved Cas9 variants with broad PAM compatibility and high DNA specificity图片来源:By ServiceAT (Own

近日,最新一期《自然》上刊登了两项来自华人学者的研究。同时,《自然》也在线刊登了另外3篇华人学者课题组的论文。在这篇报道中,我们将为各位读者介绍这五项最新发现。

1刘如谦(David Liu)教授课题组

Evolved Cas9 variants with broad PAM compatibility and high DNA specificity


图片来源:By ServiceAT (Own work) [CC BY-SA 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0)], via Wikimedia Commons

刘如谦教授是近年来涌现的一颗学术新星,在CRISPR-Cas9领域做出了诸多贡献。在这项研究中,他的团队直指这项颠覆性技术的一大瓶颈:为了成功对基因组进行编辑,CRISPR-Cas9系统要求目标位点处存在PAM序列,而一般的PAM序列均为NGG。在哺乳动物细胞中,倘若不使用NGG序列,CRISPR-Cas9的编辑效率就会大跌,这限制了这一技术的应用潜力。在这项研究中,刘如谦教授课题组使用一种叫做“噬菌体协助连续演化”(PACE)的技术,得到了一批全新的Cas9变体蛋白,它们可以识别包括NG、GAA、以及GAT在内的多种PAM。此类Cas9变体蛋白对DNA的特异性更佳,基因组范围内的脱靶效应也更低。这一研究对于CRISPR-Cas9系统的实际应用有着重要价值。


论文地址:https://www.nature.com/articles/nature26155

2姜有星教授、白晓辰教授课题组

Structural insights into the voltage and phospholipid activation of the mammalian TPC1 channel


▲姜有星教授(左)与白晓辰教授(右)

在细胞中,存在一种叫做双孔通道(TPC)的结构。哺乳动物的TPC1与TPC2位于溶酶体的膜表面,对这些小型细胞器的生理功能有着重要作用。在这项研究中,来自德克萨斯大学西南医学中心的姜有星教授与白晓辰教授课题组使用冷冻电镜技术,解析出了小鼠TPC1处于 “关闭状态”和“开启状态”下的结构。结合功能分析,这些发现揭示了TPC通道的选择性机理,也阐明了其门控机制。该研究将帮助我们更好地理解在离子通道的调控中,磷酸肌醇作为配体所扮演的重要角色。


论文地址:https://www.nature.com/articles/nature26139

3王林发教授、石正丽教授、童贻刚教授、马静云教授课题组

Fatal swine acute diarrhoea syndrome caused by an HKU2-related coronavirus of bat origin


▲王林发教授(左)、石正丽教授(中)、以及童贻刚教授(右)。我们没有在学校主页上找到低调的马静云教授的照片

野生动物一直是病毒滋生和潜伏的场所。这些病毒不但会影响到动物的健康,更有可能跨物种传染人类。在诸多野生动物中,蝙蝠又是病毒滋生的重灾区。包括SARS病毒在内的数种冠状病毒,都与蝙蝠有关。在这项最新研究中,杜克-新加坡国立大学的王林发教授、中科院武汉病毒研究所石正丽教授、军事医学科学院微生物流行病研究所的童贻刚教授、以及华南农业大学的马静云教授等研究人员从病毒学、流行病学、以及演化的角度,通过实验,发现一类会引起猪急性腹泻症的新型冠状病毒(SADS-CoV),其来源正是蝙蝠。这些病毒曾在广东省出现爆发,在4个农场造成将近25000只仔猪的死亡。有意思的是,SADS与SARS爆发的区域在地缘和经济等诸多层面有着高度相似,这表明对于蝙蝠体内寄宿的冠状病毒进行多样性和分布的分析在公共卫生上有着重要意义。


论文地址:https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-018-0010-9

4沈建仁教授课题组

Structure of photosynthetic LH1–RC supercomplex at 1.9 ? resolution


光捕获复合体1(LH1)与反应中心(RC)是紫细菌光合作用中起到重要作用的一类膜蛋白超级复合体。如果能获取这一LH1-RC复合体的结构,无疑将让我们更好地了解不同蛋白亚基在复合体中的排列,从而提供功能上的洞见。来自中科院植物研究所、日本冈山大学的沈建仁教授获得了LH1-RC超级复合体在1.9??分辨率下的高清结构。近原子级的分辨率让我们发现了多个关于蛋白亚基和辅助因子的组合特点,为细菌光合作用的进一步研究提供了坚实的基础。


论文地址:https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-018-0002-9

5张永振研究员课题组

The evolutionary history of vertebrate RNA viruses

image.png
图片来源:中国疾病预防控制中心传染病预防控制所

我们对于脊椎动物RNA病毒的演化与多样性的理解,很大程度上局限于在哺乳动物和鸟类中发现的病毒。对于在爬行动物、两栖动物、以及鱼类等脊椎动物的RNA病毒,我们了解得还并不充分。来自中国疾病预防控制中心的张永振研究员与团队做了一项大规模的宏转录组分析,发现了在爬行动物、两栖动物、以及鱼类中的214种病毒。基于这些新发现,研究人员们构建了RNA病毒的演化史,并揭示了在漫长的演化历史中,病毒和宿主之间存在着多种不同的联系。该研究也得到了《自然》杂志的专文评论,认为我们“发现了RNA病毒的基干”(《自然》评论标题:Backbone of RNA viruses uncovered)

image.png

论文地址:https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-018-0012-7

我们再次向这些做出重要发现的华人学者们表示祝贺!

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    2018-09-22 liye789132251
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    2018-04-14 怪物博士

    确实厉害

    0

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  5. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1882956, encodeId=1c071882956c7, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=3b2112532d8' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Nat#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=35, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=12532, encryptionId=3b2112532d8, topicName=Nat)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=2e6f107, createdName=liye789132251, createdTime=Sat Sep 22 10:07:00 CST 2018, time=2018-09-22, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=305768, encodeId=2d0c305e687a, content=确实厉害, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=65, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cdnapi.center.medsci.cn/medsci/head/2019/03/12/b047e7b7a940408d27cdc9f008613c4d.jpg, createdBy=bcec2287184, createdName=怪物博士, createdTime=Sat Apr 14 19:24:04 CST 2018, time=2018-04-14, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1582006, encodeId=48421582006ce, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=830c35868ec' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#华人#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=37, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=35868, encryptionId=830c35868ec, topicName=华人)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=3f7716881423, createdName=ms4468361851264128, createdTime=Fri Apr 13 02:07:00 CST 2018, time=2018-04-13, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1623019, encodeId=4400162301960, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=54a7358e4cb' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#华人学者#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=0, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=35874, encryptionId=54a7358e4cb, topicName=华人学者)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=4c1720449156, createdName=zhangxingru, createdTime=Fri Apr 13 02:07:00 CST 2018, time=2018-04-13, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=304956, encodeId=dfcb304956ef, content=学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=60, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://cdnapi.center.medsci.cn/medsci/head/2018/01/15/8213228fe923915543544ad3da7e1c64.jpg, createdBy=6bd82014262, createdName=秀红, createdTime=Thu Apr 12 05:47:47 CST 2018, time=2018-04-12, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=304894, encodeId=6bd33048941d, content=学习了.谢谢, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=65, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://cdnapi.center.medsci.cn/medsci/head/2017/10/23/557c1f19aaf5459a8405411e38903c4b.jpg, createdBy=dfc02088287, createdName=cscdliu, createdTime=Wed Apr 11 22:05:49 CST 2018, time=2018-04-11, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=304773, encodeId=9fc4304e7355, content=关注了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=53, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://cdnapi.center.medsci.cn/medsci/head/2017/09/11/eb1f237032e0bf07b10833fc3722e645.jpg, createdBy=2fed2145219, createdName=紫迎馨, createdTime=Wed Apr 11 12:01:00 CST 2018, time=2018-04-11, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2018-04-12 秀红

    学习了

    0

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    2018-04-11 cscdliu

    学习了.谢谢

    0

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    2018-04-11 紫迎馨

    关注了

    0

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