儿童颈椎管内可疑椎体骨软骨瘤1例

2019-04-25 张鹏 卢斌 刘扬 中国骨与关节损伤杂志

患者,男,8岁,因“外伤致颈背部疼痛、活动受限1周”入院。门诊查颈椎CT显示寰枢关节半脱位,C3、4椎管内可见片状致密影。门诊以“寰枢关节半脱位”收治,专科查体:颈部疼痛,向左侧偏斜,颈部活动受限;四肢运动、感觉未见明显异常;生理反射存在,病理征未引出。临床诊断:寰枢关节半脱位,颈椎管占位。入院第2天颈椎MRI显示椎管内占位与椎体后缘相连,范围0.7CM×1.2CM,局部后纵韧带掀起致局部椎管狭窄

病例报道

患者,男,8岁,因“外伤致颈背部疼痛、活动受限1周”入院。门诊查颈椎CT显示寰枢关节半脱位,C3、4椎管内可见片状致密影。门诊以“寰枢关节半脱位”收治,专科查体:颈部疼痛,向左侧偏斜,颈部活动受限;四肢运动、感觉未见明显异常;生理反射存在,病理征未引出。临床诊断:寰枢关节半脱位,颈椎管占位。入院第2天颈椎MRI显示椎管内占位与椎体后缘相连,范围0.7CM×1.2CM,局部后纵韧带掀起致局部椎管狭窄,考虑新生物为骨软骨瘤。因患者椎管内占位但无脊髓压迫症状,未予特殊处理。入院后行枕颌带持续牵引,1周后患者诉颈背部疼痛及活动受限缓解,办理出院,嘱患者门诊定期随访。出院5个月后复查颈椎CT显示寰枢关节复位良好,C3、4椎间隙及椎管内见点片状致密影,椎管内占位明显缩小。

讨论

骨软骨瘤在儿童期的良性骨肿瘤中最为常见,通常起源于干骺端的一侧骨皮质,由异常移位的骺板发生软骨下骨化而形成,并向骨表面生长。骨软骨瘤有单发和多发之分,而后者多有遗传倾向。骨软骨瘤可发生在任何来源的软骨化骨,其中肱骨近端、股骨远端、胫骨近端最为多见,脊柱骨软骨瘤极为罕见。多数脊柱骨软骨瘤生长于椎板椎弓根、关节突或棘突等后柱结构,偶见于椎体。由于该肿瘤临床症状不典型,多因X线片检查偶然发现。

目前对骨软骨瘤的确诊主要依赖于组织病理学检查,影像学检查对发现早期病变有显著临床意义,X线片一般表现为骨皮质样致密肿块,形态不规则,与骨膜、滑膜不相连;CT表现为菜花状膨胀性肿块凸起,边界清晰,形状多样不规则,一般与基底部正常的骨质相连,肿块由皮质骨和松质骨构成,偶见软骨帽及包膜形成,内部多钙化,有骨嵴及间隔;MRI可显示肿物起源及与周围组织的关系,其主要表现为长T1、T2信号的点状、片状、团块状不规则肿块,而FLAIR信号无减低,可与囊肿相鉴别。Ratliff等研究认为,发生在脊柱的骨软骨瘤,由于其周围结构复杂,在X线片上一般显影不清,CT及MRI为首选影像学检查方法。

对于骨软骨瘤的治疗,既往多考虑手术切除责任病灶。近年来有学者认为无症状的骨软骨瘤可随访观察,对于临床症状影响生活、非手术治疗效果不佳或诊断不明确的患者可行手术治疗。因其为良性骨肿瘤,多不影响患者生活,一般无需特殊处理。对于发生在脊柱的骨软骨瘤,笔者认为若肿块突入椎管并未造成脊髓及神经压迫,且不影响脊柱承重及活动,可暂不予处理,定期随访观察。本例因外伤导致寰枢关节半脱位,入院后通过病史及影像学检查考虑为骨软骨瘤,虽然未行手术治疗,但是发现肿块在几月内逐渐消退。因此,对于脊柱骨软骨瘤的临床治疗方案有待于进一步研究。

原始出处:

张鹏;卢斌;刘扬;赵红卫;儿童颈椎管内可疑椎体骨软骨瘤1例;《中国骨与关节损伤杂志》2019年第03期

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    2019-04-28 医者仁心5538

    学习了

    0

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    2019-04-27 dingxiaobo
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