Gastroenterology:超声波+血检 肝癌早期检测提高不只一点点

2018-02-12 石岩 环球医学

在大多数癌症发病率呈下降趋势的今天,肝癌却异军突起,不减反增。在美国,肝癌是发病率上升最快的固体肿瘤,在过去10年间,每年增加2.7%。肝癌如果能被早期发现,医生就可以进行治愈性治疗,从而让患者活得更久。然而,“理想很丰满,现实很骨感”,事实是大多数肝癌患者被发现时已是后期,当然也不可能进行治愈性治疗,因此他们的生存率很低。

在大多数癌症发病率呈下降趋势的今天,肝癌却异军突起,不减反增。在美国,肝癌是发病率上升最快的固体肿瘤,在过去10年间,每年增加2.7%。肝癌如果能被早期发现,医生就可以进行治愈性治疗,从而让患者活得更久。然而,“理想很丰满,现实很骨感”,事实是大多数肝癌患者被发现时已是后期,当然也不可能进行治愈性治疗,因此他们的生存率很低。

近日,发表在《Gastroenterology》杂志上的一项meta分析,针对32项既往研究进行考察。美国西南大学Simmons癌症中心的研究人员发现,超声成像与高甲胎蛋白(AFP)水平的血液检测相结合,可以将早期肝癌的检测率提高40%。而根据美国国家癌症研究所(NCI)的数据,早期检测对于提高肝癌患者的生存率具有重要意义。

据估计,在美国将有约40700例新的肝癌病例被诊断出来。Simmons癌症中心综合癌症中心内科和临床科学副教授、肝脏学家G. Amit Singal博士说,如果能早期发现肝癌,治愈性治疗将延长患者的寿命。

肝癌(也称为肝细胞癌或HCC)的风险因素,包括丙型肝炎感染、慢性重度饮酒以及与糖尿病和肥胖相关的非酒精性脂肪肝。症状可能包括上腹部疼痛或肿胀、体重或食欲减退、白垩状大便和一般疲劳。

AFP是一种由胎儿肝细胞大量产生的血浆蛋白,在胎儿血液循环中具有较高的浓度,出生后则下降。所以在成人中,AFP水平通常较低。所以,肝硬化患者的肝癌筛查指南各不相同,有些指南要求只做成像,而其他指南则要求成像和AFP测量都做。

临床癌症研究教授Amit Singa 博士表示,传统上,对慢性肝病患者的肝癌筛查采用腹部超声波进行,虽然超声波很容易获得并且无创,但当癌组织很小时,很难从中识别出。研究发现,加入血液生物标志物AFP,可以将早期肝细胞癌的检测率从45%提高到超过63%。

该研究结果强调了继续开发和验证基于血液的生物标志物对肝癌早期检测的重要性。最重要的是,研究结果支持临床实践的改变以及常规使用超声和生物标志物进行肝癌筛查。

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    2018-07-25 许安
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    2018-11-14 yyj074
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    2018-02-18 changjiu

    学习一下谢谢

    0

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    2018-02-14 Luyuxie_11
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    2018-02-13 changjiu

    学习一下谢谢

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