Cancer Cell:“有反骨”竟然是真的!癌症耐药性竟是骨细胞介导产生!

2018-01-08 Michael,Juka 转化医学网

骨转移很难被治愈。骨微环境一直是这个临床谜团的疑点,但其中确切的机制尚不清楚。在最新一期的《Cancer Cell》研究中表明,化疗本身所诱导的骨转移化疗耐药性是由成骨细胞通过Jagged1诱导的Notch信号通路介导的。


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骨转移很难被治愈。骨微环境一直是这个临床谜团的疑点,但其中确切的机制尚不清楚。在最新一期的《Cancer Cell》研究中表明,化疗本身所诱导的骨转移化疗耐药性是由成骨细胞通过Jagged1诱导的Notch信号通路介导的。

骨转移在晚期乳腺癌中很常见,并引起明显的并发症,如骨内疼痛,骨折,高钙血症,神经压迫综合征和肌肉无力。 一旦肿瘤转移到骨内,肿瘤组织将对化疗产生耐药性且预后不良。这种耐药性的原因尚不清楚。

近年来,在了解骨转移的病理生理学方面取得了重大进展。 在独特的肿瘤 - 骨微环境中,癌细胞通过以下途径启动前馈循环:破坏正常的骨重建以促进肿瘤进展

具体而言,肿瘤细胞产生溶骨性因子,例如甲状旁腺激素相关蛋白,其通过成骨细胞产生NF-kB配体(RANKL)的受体活化剂来刺激破骨细胞的骨吸收。这种骨溶解导致储存在矿化骨基质中的生长因子得以释放,例如TGF-β,其增加肿瘤生成所需溶骨因子的产生以进一步加剧骨破坏。 该模型提供了使用阻断破骨细胞的骨吸收作用的骨靶向药物(例如双膦酸盐和RANKL-抗体)来治疗骨转移理论依据。 这类药物显著改善晚期乳腺癌患者的骨转移发病率,并获FDA批准用于治疗乳腺癌骨转移患者。

尽管取得了这些进展,总体生存状况并没有改善,乳腺癌骨转移仍然无法治愈。 这些观察结果表明,仅针对破骨细胞作为骨前馈恶性循环的中心调解者是远远不够的。直到现在,人们对于更常见的骨细胞,成骨细胞及其衍生骨细胞的关注仍然不足。实际上,被忽视的成骨细胞似乎是核心参与者。



在本次研究中,研究人员成功地设计了一种人源性Jagged1特异性中和抗体,其显示出低毒性和高特异性。使用体外破骨细胞分化系统以及肿瘤破骨细胞共培养物,他们发现这种15D11抗体阻断Jagged1-Notch信号传导活性。研究表明Jagged1能够增加破骨细胞生成并增加溶骨性骨转移。这为Jagged1抑制15D11对表达Jagged1的乳腺癌细胞的骨转移的作用提供了理论依据。15D11治疗在肿瘤之前给予接种,可在预防方案中显著减少溶骨性骨转移。

与OPG-Fc处理(阻断RANKL)相似,但15D11处理仅抑制病理性破骨细胞骨吸收,而不是导致完全关闭OPG-Fc观察到的破骨细胞活性和增加的骨质量。 当联合紫杉醇和15D11治疗导致骨转移显著减少时,与注射表达Jagged1的癌细胞的小鼠单独处理相比,提供了将Jagged1表达与化疗联系起来的线索。病变面积的显著减少了100倍,这提示该组合的具有协同作用。

此外,当接种低表达Jagged1的乳腺癌细胞的小鼠用15D11处理时,没有观察到效果,而紫杉醇单独治疗最初减小肿瘤大小,但紧接着出现难治性肿瘤的生长。不管肿瘤Jagged1表达如何只有联合使用紫杉醇和15D11时,才能显着减少骨转移。这些发现表明,Jagged1抗体和紫杉醇对骨肿瘤生长的协同作用可能涉及骨微环境的改变。这一观点得到了体外证据的支持,即紫杉醇和顺铂特异性诱导成骨细胞中的Jagged1表达,而不是内皮细胞或破骨细胞。

用顺铂处理的小鼠显示成骨细胞上的Jagged1显着增加,这些结果在体内被证实。在探索化疗诱导Jagged1的机制后,研究人员发现这可能是由活性氧介导的。他们接着指出,用顺铂预处理小鼠显著增加接近成骨细胞的骨乳腺癌细胞的接种。 

为了进一步分析成骨细胞Jagged1过表达的作用,并排除化疗对Jagged1表达的任何广泛作用,研究者使用转基因小鼠Jagged1表达靶向成骨细胞(Col1a1-Jagged1)。 当Col1a1-Jagged1小鼠接种乳腺癌细胞时,骨转移显着增加,证实了成骨细胞来源的Jagged1在促进骨转移中的作用。

Notch通过细胞周期,生长和生存途径来调节细胞凋亡。作为Notch介导的化疗耐药的机制,研究者使用体外共培养成骨细胞和肿瘤细胞来表明Jagged1- 介导的化学抗性并且化疗使包括HES2,HEY1和HEY2在内的一些Notch下游基因显着上调。 16个凋亡相关基因的表达也在肿瘤中改变细胞与顺铂联合培养时与成骨细胞与单独的肿瘤培养物相比较; 已知这5个基因受p53调控。 总的来说,数据表明这一点成骨细胞介导的化疗耐药部分促进Notch激活抑制p53调节的细胞凋亡。

为了验证他们在人体中的发现,作者从乳腺癌患者获得了成对的骨髓样本,化疗前后进行了治疗。成骨细胞中的Jagged1在化疗后显著增加。 为了进一步推动这一点,通过一个临床相关的骨转移模型发现,小鼠原发性肿瘤如果联合使用15D11和紫杉醇,那么自发转移到骨中的骨转移少于单独的任一种治疗。 因此,15D11联合紫杉醇联合治疗可能是非常有效的降低骨转移的发生率。

从这个工作中可以得到几个重要的观点。首先,肿瘤微环境中存在复杂的细胞相互作用,涉及正常的基质。 其次,了解癌症疗法对正常宿主细胞的作用是重要的,因为这些作用实际上可以促进肿瘤存活并防止癌症的治愈。 有很多癌症治疗对宿主有不良的影响,这对于骨骼尤其如此。 芳香酶抑制剂,放疗,雄激素剥夺等疗法可以增加骨中的破骨细胞活性。微环境中的这种改变可能对骨中的肿瘤生长具有不利后果。 第三,这些研究与许多乳腺癌患者有很高的临床相关性。

原始出处:

Khalid S. Mohammad and Theresa A. Guise. Breaking Down Barriers to Chemoresistance: Role of Chemotherapy-Induced Osteoblastic Jagged1.Cancer Cell. 2017 Dec 11;32(6):717-718. doi: 10.1016/j.ccell.2017.11.016.

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  4. 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    2018-09-04 维他命
  5. 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    2018-02-03 sunsmile 2017

    学习了

    0

  6. 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channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=33, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=101821, encryptionId=3c0b10182102, topicName=骨细胞)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=723c9147696, createdName=jj000004, createdTime=Wed Jan 10 12:33:00 CST 2018, time=2018-01-10, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2018-01-16 jyzxjiangqin

    癌症耐药性的产生.

    0

  7. 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    2018-01-13 jyzxjiangqin

    癌症耐药性.

    0

  8. 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    2018-01-11 xx就是没名字医生

    骨质溶解主要依赖于骨细胞-破骨细胞调节途径.以前仅仅局限于骨形成方面.对于肿瘤研究确实是一个新的方向

    0

  9. 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replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=81e52160165, createdName=xx就是没名字医生, createdTime=Thu Jan 11 00:09:40 CST 2018, time=2018-01-11, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=277199, encodeId=4fce2e7199bb, content=有意义, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=42, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/Q0j4TwGTfTKdcWLjLTJBu3e8EwBibOSfO3CicIL8rP3NcFII6cPU1ibCPYbfRp7vXicxxSImo7pLR6Z8bEZB9BibZrA/0, createdBy=44b71653286, createdName=sunsmile 2017, createdTime=Wed Jan 10 13:25:45 CST 2018, time=2018-01-10, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1495028, encodeId=e6ba149502883, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=3c0b10182102' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#骨细胞#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=33, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=101821, encryptionId=3c0b10182102, topicName=骨细胞)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=723c9147696, createdName=jj000004, createdTime=Wed Jan 10 12:33:00 CST 2018, time=2018-01-10, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2018-01-10 sunsmile 2017

    有意义

    0

  10. 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