给患者人性化的诊疗体验 日本医院这样做

2017-07-25 石岩 环球医学

整洁宽敞的房间、落地窗环绕的餐厅、桌上两菜一汤四碟小菜……你能想象这个画面出现在医院的日常中吗?在很多人眼里,医院是一个嘈杂、拥挤的场所,不论挂号、问诊、交费都要经过一次次的排队,不论楼道还是大厅都充斥着形形色色的人。然而,日本的医疗发达不仅体现在科技水平上,还表现在分工明确的制度、整洁舒适的环境和注重患者的感受。

整洁宽敞的房间、落地窗环绕的餐厅、桌上两菜一汤四碟小菜……你能想象这个画面出现在医院的日常中吗?在很多人眼里,医院是一个嘈杂、拥挤的场所,不论挂号、问诊、交费都要经过一次次的排队,不论楼道还是大厅都充斥着形形色色的人。然而,日本的医疗发达不仅体现在科技水平上,还表现在分工明确的制度、整洁舒适的环境和注重患者的感受。

私人诊所充当社区医院

在日本有很多的私人医院和诊所,小诊所的数量更多,其性质类似于社区医院,但是其中的医生整体水平都很高。这是因为日本很多老大夫在累积了一定经验之后都会出来尝试开诊所。并且,日本诊所在门口必须挂上各种许可证以及大夫的毕业证。所以,日本人不用担心小诊所的诊疗水平。如果有什么头疼脑热,他们第一时间想到的是去诊所看一看,而不是直接去大医院。

同时,如果在小诊所无法清楚判断疾病,医生会写一封推荐信,附上患者的症状和诊断情况,让患者到大医院去进行确诊。所以小诊所其实起到了一个分诊的作用,减少了因小症状去大医院排队的患者。

护士负责初诊和基本检测

患者来到大医院后,首先见到的不是医生而是护士。她们会来给患者问诊,然后给患者做一些基本的检测,比如量体温血压、验血验尿等等。一整套检查结果出来,才会把患者领到医生面前。尽管这个过程可能需要等待半小时以上,但与先由医生问诊再做检查也没有什么不同。更重要的是,这可以大大减少医生看病的压力。同时,日本医院的接待处分类很细致,每个窗口等待的人也都很少。

医院没有药房 医生没有回扣

日本一直以来都是医药分离制,也就是说,日本的医院没有药房。医生只负责开处方,患者需要拿着医生的处方去专门独立的药店拿药。这个机制彻底杜绝了医生为多拿回扣而故意开昂贵甚至没有必要的药。所以日本的医生对用药很谨慎,而且还会主动帮患者货比三家,比如同样疗效的药,哪种药会比较便宜等等。

日本的药店分为两种,一种是非处方药店,里面除了常备药之外,还有很多药妆、个护用品、日用品等;另外一种是处方药店,处方药是完全根据医嘱开具的,不按包装规格售卖,而是按患者需要服用的天数用纸袋和盒子装好分成一份一份的。甚至有的还会将药板分成一粒一粒的拿给患者,使患者不必多花钱去买不需要的药。

先看病后交费

在日本,看病是不需要先划价,再排队给钱。也不需要来来回回给钱。患者在看完病之后会拿到一个整体的费用清单,包括诊断费、检查费等等。患者只需要在休息室等待叫号,只交一次钱就可以了。现在还推出了自动付钱的机器,更加缩短了患者等待付钱的时间。患者即便有事着急走,也不会有人阻拦,只要第二天再回来交钱就可以了。

病房不收费 住院服务好

在日本,只有高级病房才会加收服务费,而住普通病房竟然是不收费的。患者因此不但不会受到怠慢,还能享受到护士包括护理、陪同、看顾等全部的服务。所以,在日本住院基本都不需要家人连夜陪护,甚至一日三餐都会有护士送到患者的面前。而公立医院的餐食标准基本不输于外面的餐馆,医院食堂也大都布置得舒适明亮。

日本健康保险

日本法律规定,所有在日本居住的,包括预定停留1年以上的外国人都要加入健康保险。医疗费个人只需承担30%,手续在市、区、街、村政厅办理,每月缴保险费。保险费因地区和本人收入有差异,一般如学生、儿童、家庭主妇等都属于政府保障范围,每月只缴很少的钱,这个范围也包括外国留学生。

去医院看病时如果没有健康保险,诊疗费大约5000日元~8500日元;加入健康保险后,诊疗费大约是1500日元~2500日元,但金额还是会依病况而有所不同。以上都不包含另外到药店买药的费用。单看日本的医疗费其实是相当贵的,但有了健康保险后只需承担30%,一般的日本人完全可以承担。

日本的医疗发展水平可能目前还令许多发展中国家望尘莫及,但是日本在医院建设乃至体制中所渗透的人性化值得各国借鉴和学习。医院的首要任务是治病救人,但是在保障这个基本功能的同时也需要考虑就诊患者的主观感受。日本的医患纠纷相对较少,就与他们注重患者的感受分不开,这是我们应该学习和改进的地方。

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    2017-07-26 139****0239

    henhao

    0

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    2017-07-25 1e0f8808m18(暂无匿称)

    学习他国的先进经验,做好自己的事。

    0

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    2017-07-25 131****1460

    学习了受益匪浅。

    0

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    2017-07-25 137****9095

    henhao

    0

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