CHC2017:TAVR 会成为主动脉瓣疾病主要手段吗?

2017-08-11 佚名 中国循环杂志

在昨天进行的结构性心脏病论坛上,来自德国的瓣膜介入治疗先驱Eberhard Grube 教授和阜外医院杨跃进教授对经导管主动脉瓣置换术(TAVR)临床治疗现状及进展做了精彩报告。Grube 教授认为,TAVR 的很多问题已得到了较好的解决,随着技术的进一步进展,临床研究数据的进一步完善,TAVR 有望成为主动脉瓣疾病患者的主要治疗选择。

在昨天进行的结构性心脏病论坛上,来自德国的瓣膜介入治疗先驱Eberhard Grube 教授和阜外医院杨跃进教授对经导管主动脉瓣置换术(TAVR)临床治疗现状及进展做了精彩报告。Grube 教授认为,TAVR 的很多问题已得到了较好的解决,随着技术的进一步进展,临床研究数据的进一步完善,TAVR 有望成为主动脉瓣疾病患者的主要治疗选择。


Eberhard Grube:TAVR 有望成为主动脉瓣疾病患者的主要治疗选择

Grube 教授指出,除了永久性起搏器植入发生率仍较高,TAVI 的很多问题已得到了较好的解决。随着技术进步,临床研究数据的完善,未来TAVR 有望成为主动脉瓣疾病患者的主要治疗选择。

他指出,对于无传统外科手术机会的晚期主动脉瓣狭窄(AS)患者,TAVR 的疗效优于药物治疗;对于手术高危的严重AS 患者,TAVR 治疗与外科手术疗效一样。最新的临床研究结果显示,对于中等手术风险的患者,TAVR 的疗效与外科手术也相当。而且,2016 年欧洲和美国都已批准将TAVR 应用于中等手术风险的AS 患者。

TAVR 发展非常迅速,至今全球已有超过65 个国家共完成了25 万余例TAVR。目前全球每年完成TAVR超10 万例,并且每年以超过20% 的速度增长,在美国和德国,每年完成的TAVR 手术量甚至已经超过传统外科手术。然而,在TAVR 手术量增长的同时,外科手术量并没有下降,这说明TAVR 手术量的增长主要来自于以前没有机会行传统外科手术的患者。研究表明,接受TAVR 治疗的患者的手术风险有下降趋势,但目前行TAVR 治疗的患者大部分仍超过75 岁。

Grube 教授表示,“当然,目前TAVR 治疗仍存在一些不足之处。”他指出, 根据对Sapien 和CoreValve瓣膜的研究表明,TAVR 治疗术后平均卒中发生率约为4.2%,永久性起搏器植入率约为11.3%,血管并发症发生率约为7.7%,中至重度瓣周漏发生率约为10%。研究表明,新一代瓣膜在永久性起搏器植入、主要血管并发症以及中至重度瓣周漏发生率上有明显的改善,但并未减少卒中发生。

关于TAVR 治疗的未来,Grube教授指出,目前有数个随机对照试验试图探究TAVR 在低手术风险患者中的应用,如Medtronic Low Risk 研究、PARTNER 3 研究、UK TAVI 研究、NOTION-2 研究。Grube 教授特别强调,低手术风险患者和年轻患者是完全不同的两个概念,在TAVR治疗应用中要尤其注意这个问题。未来随着TAVR 治疗适应证的扩展,如在二瓣化、主动脉瓣关闭不全以及无症状患者中的应用,尤其需要独特的技术考虑,这也是未来研究的热点方向。目前已经出现了多款设计理念更为先进的瓣膜,值得期待,包括中国产的VitaFlow 瓣膜、J-Valve 瓣膜及Taurus One 瓣膜。

杨跃进:期待中国能开展更多的TAVR研究

阜外医院杨跃进教授表示,他期待中国能开展更多的TAVR研究,研发更为先进的TAVR 瓣膜,以帮助更多的AS 患者。同时,TAVR 的发展也面临不少挑战,需要我们继续努力,去一步步攻克难关。

杨教授指出,外科手术一直是重度主动脉瓣狭窄的标准治疗方式, 但即使在欧洲, 仍有约31.8% 的患者因各种原因而未能接受手术治疗。在我国75 岁以上的老年患者中,仅有23.7% 的患者接受了外科换瓣手术。TAVR 的出现,给这些没有机会行传统外科手术的AS 患者带来了希望。

已有证据显示,对于没有机会行传统外科手术的AS 患者,相比药物治疗TAVR 治疗可显着改善生存,而在高风险手术患者中,TAVR治疗也取得了相当于外科手术的疗效。2010 年10 月3 日, 上海中山医院在我国首次应用CorValve 开展了TAVR 手术,随后北京阜外医院同样应用CorValve 完成了两例TAVR 手术,自此开启了TAVR 手术在我国的蓬勃发展。2012 年9 月10 日, 中国第一例国产经导管主动脉瓣Venus A在阜外医院成功置入,同年12 月,阜外医院高润霖院士牵头正式启动了首个国产瓣膜Venus A 临床注册登记研究。此研究在2014 年6 月3 日入组了81 例患者。

杨教授指出, 相比国外PARTNER 研究等同类研究, 我国Venus A 研究中的患者有一个显着特点,即二瓣化患者比例非常高(45.4%),这给TAVR 手术增加了不少难度。但Venus A 研究1 年和2 年研究结果显示,我国TAVR 技术已经接近国际同类水平。其中以术后30 天死亡率为例,同样以高风险手术患者为研究对象,Partner A 研究为3.4%,Core Valve 研究为8.4%,而Venus 研究则为5.3%。Venus A 研究显示,TAVR 术后1 年总体生存率为94.1%,2 年生存率为90.1%,都取得了较好的结果。

目前我国已经开展TAVR 手术的医院已多达29 家(包括已接受培训、即将开展的医院),已完成TAVR 手术约700 例。今年4 月,中国国家食品药品监督管理总局(CFDA)也批准了启明医疗生产的Venus A-valve经皮介入人工心脏瓣膜系统在中国上市。目前国产在研的瓣膜还有上海微创公司的VitalFlow 主动脉瓣膜以及苏州沛佳的TaurusOne 瓣膜。。

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    2017-08-13 mei536
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    2017-08-11 1ddf0692m34(暂无匿称)

    学习了,好文章

    0

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    2017-08-11 天涯183

    非常好的文章,学习了,很受益

    0

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