Medscape评论:Respimat吸入器无安全性问题

2014-02-19 佚名 不详

针对近期在NEJM杂志上发表的TIOSPIR研究结果(NEJM:Respimat吸入噻托溴铵治疗COPD安全有效),Shorr博士在Medscape网站进行了评论。作者简介: Shorr博士,美国华盛顿中心医院肺部和危重医学科副主任,乔治华盛顿大学肺部和危重医学科副教授。 TIOSPIR研究是一个有关噻托溴铵的大型随机对照临床实验。噻托溴铵是基本的长效抗毒蕈碱类药物,其主要用药途径为使

针对近期在NEJM杂志上发表的TIOSPIR研究结果(NEJM:Respimat吸入噻托溴铵治疗COPD安全有效),Shorr博士在Medscape网站进行了评论。

作者简介:


Shorr博士,美国华盛顿中心医院肺部和危重医学科副主任,乔治华盛顿大学肺部和危重医学科副教授。

TIOSPIR研究是一个有关噻托溴铵的大型随机对照临床实验。噻托溴铵是基本的长效抗毒蕈碱类药物,其主要用药途径为使用HandiHaler或Respimat装置进行吸入治疗。这2种吸入装置均由美国康涅狄格州的Boehringer Ingelheim公司生产。

噻托溴铵是处理慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)时的一种重要工具,早先的大型随机对照试验却低估了它的价值。UPLIFT研究使我们对该药减少COPD患者急性加重的作用有了相对清晰地认识。

UPLIFT研究之后,一些荟萃分析对噻托溴铵的安全性得出了矛盾的结论(无论采用目前常用的HandiHaler吸入器,还是新式的Respimat吸入器),争议焦点主要集中于噻托溴铵的心血管毒性方面。

早在UPLIFT之前,噻托溴铵的心血管安全性就已经受到关注,UPLIFT作为一个安慰剂对照试验,并没有显示出噻托溴铵有心血管毒性的迹象。但之后几个荟萃分析提示,使用HandiHaler装置未发现噻托溴铵的心血管毒性,其可能与使用Respimat装置有关。

相比于HandiHaler吸入器,Respimat装置使用了一种不同的技术,可使更多药物到达患者肺部,因此药物的全身吸收量也可能更多。这一说法似乎为Respimat装置存在安全问题的假说提供了可能的生物学解释或支持。

为解决这一问题,TIOSPIR研究组将COPD患者随机分配到3组,即: 小剂量噻托溴铵Respimat组,高剂量噻托溴铵Respimat组,以及标准剂量噻托溴铵HandiHaler组,平均随访时间为2.3 年。

研究主要终点是全因死亡率,但研究人员也观察了一些重要的次要终点,如心血管相关毒性、治疗至首次COPD加重的时间等。如果我们要了解Respimat装置的安全性究竟如何,或者是否可替代传统的 HandiHaler吸入器,弄清楚这些问题也是至关重要的。

该研究的大多数受试者均符合预期,平均FEV1在50%的范围内。近2/3的患者除使用噻托溴铵外,还在使用其他药物,包括吸入糖皮质激素和长效β受体激动剂(LABA)。近1/3 的人继续抽烟。因此,在普遍性方面,这些受试者基本上属于合适的人群。

在死亡率方面,3组受试者的病死率均为约7.5%,以传统的HandiHaler组最高。2个Respimat组的合并死亡率与HandiHaler组相比较则无显著差异。在长期随访过程中,2种吸入器的死亡率也无显著差异。此外,2种吸入器的总体心血管毒性也无显著差异,耐受性均良好。

约10%-15%的受试者有潜在的心血管疾病,在这些患者的亚组分析中,2种吸入器在发病率、死亡率方面仍没有显著差异。因此,该研究结果可令人信服地回答上述安全性问题。

有关新疗法的安全性问题一直是一个挑战,很少有初始临床试验能够足以给出有关某项治疗安全性问题的答案。在美国药物开发史上,也少有药物能够根据中小样本实验结果而被批准,但当其被引入到更大、更多样化的市场后,又出现明显的新的毒副作用。

TIOSPIR研究的优势在于规模大且随访时间长。文章的随刊评论表示,“这是对于Respimat装置安全问题根本的、令人信服的回答”。

该研究也证明了一个阅读文献时需要掌握的重要原则,即荟萃分析不能被认作是令人信服的证据,它们只可被看作是假说的制造者。对于某些疾病而言,由于样本大小的原因,荟萃分析是我们所能得到的最好证据;但相比之下,明确的大型随机对照试验才是最好的解决问题之道。

总而言之,UPLIFT和TIOSPIR研究表明:在肺病人群(特别是COPD人群)中可以迅速完成一些大型随机对照的临床试验,我们应该坚持一次为标准,并期待这类研究能有助于指导临床治疗。

Shorr博士最后强调,作为一个经常需要诊治COPD患者的肺科医生,应该对这篇TIOSPIR研究文章引起高度重视。

原始出处:

Andrew F. Shorr.COPD and Safety of Tiotropium: Disproving a Negative? Medscape January 06, 2014

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    2014-10-22 smlt2008
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    2015-01-01 feather89
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    2014-02-21 zhaojie88
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