系统性红斑狼疮患者并发急性泛发性表皮松解综合征与血栓风暴一例

2019-05-10 小参考 医学参考报皮肤病与性病学频道

美国德克萨斯州Elise Burger等报道一位全身泛发性水疱性皮炎伴凝血障碍与高凝状态的39岁女性患者,该患者有系统性红斑狼疮病史(抗核抗体,1:1280;抗Sm抗体+;dsDNA+;尿蛋白)和免疫性血小板减少性紫癜病史。该患者最初出现了抗核抗体样综合征,并接受了包括两性霉素B、哌拉西林/他唑巴坦和头孢唑啉在内的多种抗菌药物治疗。随后其面颈部、乳房、手臂上出现尼氏征阳性的褐色斑块。上胸部、腹部、

美国德克萨斯州Elise Burger等报道一位全身泛发性水疱性皮炎伴凝血障碍与高凝状态的39岁女性患者,该患者有系统性红斑狼疮病史(抗核抗体,1:1280;抗Sm抗体+;dsDNA+;尿蛋白)和免疫性血小板减少性紫癜病史。该患者最初出现了抗核抗体样综合征,并接受了包括两性霉素B、哌拉西林/他唑巴坦和头孢唑啉在内的多种抗菌药物治疗。随后其面颈部、乳房、手臂上出现尼氏征阳性的褐色斑块。上胸部、腹部、耻骨前突和左腿可见几乎融合成片的皮肤松解。右腿可见呈网状的褐色斑块。唇部、结膜可见糜烂结痂。呈剥脱状或尼氏征阳性的皮损面积超过全身体表面积的90%。体温31.5℃,血压90-100/40-50mm Hg。







实验室检查显示:贫血(血红蛋白,5.3g/dL)和血小板减少症(血小板,42×109/L)。国际标准化比值为1.3,凝血酶原时间15.1秒,部分凝血活酶时间60.5秒,提示患者存在凝血障碍。蛋白质S水平降低。抗心磷脂、抗β2糖蛋白I和抗磷脂酰丝氨酸抗体均为阴性。皮肤活检示:表皮全程坏死、脱落,伴微血管血栓栓塞。影像学提示右侧股静脉深静脉血栓形成及多灶性肾皮质梗死;超声心动图示二尖瓣增厚。
治疗上予以静脉注射免疫球蛋白、甲泼尼龙、吗替麦考酚酯,血浆置换,肾脏替代治疗,呼吸机,预防性使用肝素,以及用以治疗潜在的感染性心内膜炎的环丙沙星、庆大霉素、万古霉素。最终因万古霉素耐药出现肠球菌血症,家属放弃治疗。尸检提示死因为中毒性表皮坏死松解症(TEN)造成的大量体液丢失导致的难治性低血压。

系统性红斑狼疮(SLE)的临床表现多种多样,使其成为著名的伪装者之一。在SLE患者中鉴别药物诱导的TEN患者与TEN样SLE患者十分具有挑战性。SLE患者通常长期服用药物,增加药物诱导TEN的风险,同时TEN更常见于结缔组织病患者。

急性泛发性表皮松解综合征(ASAP)指一系列因超急性细胞凋亡而出现大量表皮松解危及生命的临床表征,包括药物诱导的TEN和TEN样SLE,两者具有几乎相同的临床表现和以全层表皮坏死为特征的组织学变化。

在以往关于TEN样SLE的报道中,静脉注射糖皮质激素、免疫球蛋白和伤口护理被认为是治疗的基础,大多数报告中患者可存活并进入缓解期。对于此病例中的患者,最初临床表现的严重程度和后续治疗时的危急情况可能导致其最终对治疗缺乏反应。
血栓风暴是一种以快速发作的多发性血栓栓塞为特征的临床表现,患者常有难治性的,进展不明的血栓复发。该报道旨在提高皮肤科医生在并发严重高凝状态时对于ASAP复杂的临床表现和迅速进展的病情的警惕意识。

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    2019-05-17 jklm09
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    2019-12-21 丁鹏鹏
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    2019-05-11 zhouqu_8

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