清华大学施一公年底再发Science文章:六篇文章把一个故事说完整

2016-12-18 张迪 生物通

去年年中,清华大学著名教授施一公研究组在Science发表了两篇背靠背研究长文,报道了通过单颗粒冷冻电子显微技术(冷冻电镜)解析的酵母剪接体近原子分辨率的三维结构。2016年初与年中时,这一研究组又分别报道了酿酒酵母剪接体组装过程中一个关键复合物的冷冻电镜结构,以及酵母剪接体激活状态结构和第一步催化反应后的酵母剪接体的结构。为了把这个故事说完整,在最新一期(12月15日)Science杂志上,施一


去年年中,清华大学著名教授施一公研究组在Science发表了两篇背靠背研究长文,报道了通过单颗粒冷冻电子显微技术(冷冻电镜)解析的酵母剪接体近原子分辨率的三维结构。2016年初与年中时,这一研究组又分别报道了酿酒酵母剪接体组装过程中一个关键复合物的冷冻电镜结构,以及酵母剪接体激活状态结构和第一步催化反应后的酵母剪接体的结构。为了把这个故事说完整,在最新一期(12月15日)Science杂志上,施一公研究组又再次公布最新研究成果:第二步催化反应后的酵母剪接体结构,这一结构的分辨率高达 4.0 Å。

剪接体作为真核细胞中催化pre-mRNA剪接过程的执行者,是真核生物最基本的分子机器之一,对于正常生命活动具有至关重要的作用。但是自上世纪70年代后期RNA剪接的发现以来,科学家们一直在步履维艰地探索其中的分子奥秘,期待早日揭示这个复杂过程的分子机理。

施一公教授研究组通过优化了蛋白提纯方案,首次获得了酿酒酵母U4/U6.U5 tri-snRNP复合物原子分辨率的结构,并在今年7月,捕获了酵母剪接体分别处于激活状态和第一步催化反应后的总体分辨率分别为3.5和3.4埃的两个高分辨率冷冻电镜结构。这无疑是这一研究领域的突破性进展。

但剪接过程并没有这么简单,剪接体在pre-mRNA剪接反应过程中作为核酶催化需要完成两步转酯反应,第一步是释放5’末端外显子,生成一个内含子-3’末端外显子的套索结构,然后连接上两个外显子,切除内含子。第二步是通过催化激活的剪接体(C* complex)完成最后进程。

在最新这篇文章中,研究人员就报道了酵母剪接体C* complex,总体平均分辨率高达4.0 Å的冷冻电镜结构。第一步催化反应后的剪接体被称为C complex,将变化为C* complex的剪接体与第一步剪接体做比较,研究人员发现了一些结构上的变化,如第一步中的剪接因子Cwc25 和 Yju2 已经从活性部位解离了下来,套索结构连接处为即将进入的3’末端外显子序列挪出了15-20 Å的空间等等。

这些结构与之前报道的系列结构组合在一起,组成了一个几近完整的剪接体循环的分子机制拼图,讲述了剪接体的一个完整故事。

原始出处

Chuangye Yan*, Ruixue Wan*, Rui Bai*, Gaoxingyu Huang, Yigong Shi†.Structure of a yeast step II catalytically activated spliceosome.Science.2016

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    2017-02-09 wmu姿

    威武施一公

    0

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    2016-12-26 玥月

    真正的科学家。

    0

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    2016-12-25 smuyangyang

    确实不错!

    0

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    2016-12-20 jichang
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    2016-12-20 医生2397
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    2016-12-18 susice

    学术界大人物啊

    0

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