Cell host & Mircrobe:新生儿肠道微生物菌群研究

2015-05-20 佚名 生物谷

肠道微生物菌群被认为与人类健康息息相关。但是微生物菌群是如何稳定建立的,还没有很好的定量研究。在近期的《Cell Host & Microbe》上,通过宏基因组测序分析,科学家们分析了新生儿和母亲肠道菌群,分析了新生儿出生第一年肠道微生物菌群的建立。他们发现,自然生成的婴儿和剖腹产婴儿的肠道菌群存在很大差异,前者更接近他们的母亲。而且不同时期的饮食不同,微生物菌群也存在着差异,并随着时间变

肠道微生物菌群被认为与人类健康息息相关。但是微生物菌群是如何稳定建立的,还没有很好的定量研究。在近期的《Cell Host & Microbe》上,通过宏基因组测序分析,科学家们分析了新生儿和母亲肠道菌群,分析了新生儿出生第一年肠道微生物菌群的建立。他们发现,自然生成的婴儿和剖腹产婴儿的肠道菌群存在很大差异,前者更接近他们的母亲。而且不同时期的饮食不同,微生物菌群也存在着差异,并随着时间变化,微生物菌群趋于稳定和成熟,越来越接近成人肠道微生物菌群。

通过不同时期的母亲、婴儿粪便采样,科研人员采集了4356个基因组(微生物宏基因组)数据。他们发现了婴儿生产方式的不同会对婴儿肠道菌群产生很大影响。比如,通过剖腹产的婴儿,肠道菌群很多是来自体表的微生物和环境中的微生物,因为这些微生物最早进入婴儿消化道。这种差异对有些菌群来说,从4到12个月开始慢慢消失,而其他菌群则差异一直存在。而且发现母亲的肠道微生物菌群和婴儿很接近,可能存在着一种直接的微生物群转移。这种相似性在自然生产婴儿更明显。

在婴儿发育的过程中,肠道微生物菌群也是在逐渐成熟的。在头12个月的发育中,婴儿肠道微生物菌群在功能上开始更加复杂,而且越来越接近成人的肠道微生物菌群。在这个过程中,婴儿之间菌群功能的差异开始逐渐减小。在一出生的婴儿体内就检测到了抗生素抗性基因,而且有些婴儿接受了四个月抗生素治疗也没有发现肠道微生物菌群基因群体的频率变化。而且,不同的菌群影响着能量物质的利用。例如,头四个月中,婴儿的碳水化合物磷酸转移酶系统和乳糖转运蛋白的基因含量在肠道微生物菌群中比例很大,这与早期婴儿食物中大量的奶和乳糖相关。后期的肠道微生物菌群中则出现了更多的与淀粉和糖代谢相关的基因。这些功能的复杂化,导致了不同发育阶段存在着特异性的标志性微生物菌群。

断奶对婴儿的肠道微生物菌群的稳定也有很大影响。比如,在断奶之后,微生物菌群变得更加像成年人体内的微生物菌群。而且,相对那些早断奶的婴儿,未断奶的婴儿肠道微生物菌群显得更加“年轻”。

对于微生物对人类健康的认知还很有限。这个研究探索了肠道微生物菌群对一周岁内的婴儿发育的影响,对更深入研究微生物相关的代谢和免疫有非常大的意义。

原始出处:

Fredrik Bäckhed, Josefine Roswall, Yangqing Peng et al.Dynamics and Stabilization of the Human Gut Microbiome during the First Year of Life.Cell Host & Microbe, May 13, 2015.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chom.2015.04.004

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    2016-08-29 zibozhouping

    研究不断深入,科学不断进步

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    2016-08-29 zibozhouping

    研究不断深入,科学不断进步

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    2015-06-18 维他命
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    2015-09-16 heli0118
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