盘点:2020年1月Gastroenterology研究精选

2020-01-06 MedSci MedSci原创

2020年1月Gastroenterology研究精选


【1】Dupilumab治疗嗜酸性食管炎


嗜酸性食管炎(EOE)是一种过敏原介导的炎症性疾病。抗白细胞介素4(IL4)受体的人单克隆抗体Dupilumab可治疗过敏、特应性和II型炎症性疾病。近日研究人员评估了其在EOE患者中的疗效和安全性。

本次研究为II期临床研究,成年活动期EOE患者参与研究,随机接受每周皮下注射Dupilumab(300mg,n=23) 或安慰剂(n=24),持续12周。研究的主要终点为创伤吞咽障碍治疗评估得分变化(SDI-PRO),同时评估患者EOE组织学特征,食管上皮内嗜酸性粒细胞计数和EoE组织学评分、内镜可视化特征、食管扩张性和安全性。基线参与者平均SDI-PRO得分为6.4。Dupilumab治疗组中,10周时SDI-PRO得分减少3.0,安慰剂组减少1.3。12周时,Dupilumab组高倍镜下嗜酸性粒细胞减少86.8,较基线减少107.1%,EoE-HSS得分较基线下降68.3%,内镜可视化特征得分较基线下降1.6,食管扩张率较基线增加18%。最常见的Dupilumab治疗相关不良事件为注射部位红斑和鼻咽炎。

【2】薄荷油在肠易激综合征患者的作用


尽管缺乏高质量对照试验的证据,但薄荷油仍常用于治疗肠易激综合症(IBS)。本项研究旨在探究小肠释放型薄荷油对IBS患者的疗效和安全性,并探讨了靶向回肠结肠释放型薄荷油的作用。

研究人员于2016年8月至2018年3月在荷兰的4家医院对190名IBS患者(根据罗马IV标准)进行了双盲试验;意向性治疗分析包括189例患者(平均年龄34.0岁;女性77.8%;初级保健57.7%),其中178例完成了研究。患者随机分为两组,分别服用182 mg小肠释放薄荷油或安慰剂,持续8周。主要终点为腹痛反应。次要终点包括腹痛,不适,薄荷油和安慰剂组之间的腹部疼痛反应无显着差异:小肠释放薄荷油组的62位患者中有29位有反应,其中63位患者中有26位回肠结肠释放薄荷油组有缓解,安慰剂组64例患者中有22例有缓解(34.4%)。我们没有发现总体缓解之间的差异(9.7%,P= 0.317和1.6%,P= 0.351,而安慰剂为4.7%)。

【3】替诺福韦治疗可降低HBV感染人群肝癌风险


对于慢性乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)感染患者,采用富马酸替诺福韦(TDF)或恩替卡韦(Enecavir)对肝细胞癌(HCC)风险的影响尚不明确。近日研究人员在中国的大量慢性乙型肝炎患者中,比较TDF与恩替卡韦对肝细胞癌风险的影响。

我们对2008年1月至2018年6月连续接受恩替卡韦或TDF治疗至少6个月的慢性HBV感染者进行了回顾性研究。治疗前或治疗后6个月内有癌症或肝移植的患者被排除在外。29350名患者,平均年龄52.9岁,男性占63.7%,1309人(4.5%)首次TDF治疗,28041人首次接受恩替卡韦治疗(95.5%)。TDF治疗人群年龄更低(43.2 vs 53.4岁),肝硬化比例更低(2.9% vs 13.6%)。治疗开始后,随访3.6年,8名接受TDF治疗以及1386名接受恩替卡韦治疗人群发展为HCC(0.6% vs 4.9%)。对患者因素进行调整后,TDF治疗与HCC风险降低相关(HR=0.36)。

【4】低FODMAP饮食与IBD患者症状缓解


有限的证据表明低可发酵低聚糖、双糖、单糖和多元醇(FODMAPs)可以减轻静止期炎症性肠病(IBD)患者的肠道症状。近日研究人员开展随机对照研究,考察低FODMAP饮食对静止期IBD患者持续肠道症状,肠道微生物群,循环标志炎症的影响。

52名静止期CD或UC患者参与研究,随机接受低FODMAP饮食(n=27)或对照(n=25),持续4周。采用问卷的形式评估参与者肠道症状和与健康相关的生活质量。在基线和试验结束时采集粪便和血样,对粪便微生物组分组成和功能进行了分析,并对其进行了亚基因组测序和T细胞表型分析。低FODMAP组有较高比例的患者报告肠道症状得到充分缓解(14/27, 52%),而安慰剂组缓解比例较少(4/25, 16%)。低FODMAP组肠易激综合征严重程度评分减少较多(平均减少67 vs 安慰剂组34),但不显著,健康相关的生活质量得分较高(81.9 vs 78.3)。低FODMAP组粪便青春双歧杆菌、B长杆菌和粪肠杆菌的丰度高于安慰剂,但组间微生物多样性和炎症标志物无显著性差异。

【5】小肠克罗恩病伴狭窄的组织病理学评分系统


小肠狭窄是克罗恩病(CD)的常见并发症,目前尚无有效的药物治疗,且缺少有效的治疗效果评估手段,近日研究人员CD狭窄相关的组织学评分系统进行了系统回顾。

研究人员收集截至2019年3月13日的相关研究数据,使用组织学评分系统来表征小肠CD,并评估同一成年受试者的炎症和纤维化变化。研究人员观察到评分系统之间存在显著的异质性,这些评分系统没有采用现代原则进行评价指数的开发,未接受有效性或可靠性测试。现有指标均未按公认的评价指标制定方法构建。缺乏关于其操作特性的基本知识。未提出评价肌成纤维细胞肥大或增生的重要病理成分的特异性指标。

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    2020-04-24 许安
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