EFSA Journal:来自欧洲的提醒——过度抗氧化可能造成肝损伤!

2018-04-30 佚名 壹生消化学院

茶的提取物被用作食物,包括饮品、食物补充剂以及药物。就食品补充剂而言,茶成分的暴露量可能会有很大差异,主要取决于实际产品的组成和食品补充剂制造商/供应商推荐的日剂量。近期,据欧洲食品安全局(EFSA)的新研究,服用含茶提取物的高剂量补充剂可能与肝损伤有关。研究者认为,EGCG(绿茶中最相关的儿茶素)的消费与肝毒性之间可能存在关联。但目前仍无法证明儿茶素之间的相互作用或提取方法对肝毒性的影响。

几个世纪以来,作为人们生活中重要饮品的茶被广泛消费。近年来,茶饮成为了美国增长最快的饮品;在日本,茶饮是销量第一的饮品,总量超过了碳酸饮料。我国自不必说,自古就有饮茶的习俗。茶饮及其提取物富含多酚化合物,其中大部分为黄烷醇,通常称儿茶素。因而被报道可能有益于健康,如预防癌症、肥胖症、糖尿病和神经退行性疾病。但是,古语也有《鹖冠子·环流》云:“物极则反,命曰环流。”

茶的提取物被用作食物,包括饮品、食物补充剂以及药物。就食品补充剂而言,茶成分的暴露量可能会有很大差异,主要取决于实际产品的组成和食品补充剂制造商/供应商推荐的日剂量。近期,据欧洲食品安全局(EFSA)的新研究,服用含茶提取物的高剂量补充剂可能与肝损伤有关。研究者认为,EGCG(绿茶中最相关的儿茶素)的消费与肝毒性之间可能存在关联。但目前仍无法证明儿茶素之间的相互作用或提取方法对肝毒性的影响。

研究者对茶提取物中的EGCG的含量进行评估,其口服后以非结合形式存在于血浆中,并且是大鼠中最具细胞毒性的儿茶素。但该研究在目前的风险评估中,未评估摄入儿茶素相关的有益影响,存在局限性。同时,因为不同的儿茶素类组合物以及纯EGCG提取物已用于临床试验和动物毒性研究,各研究之间的剂量效应难以评估,即使可以计算出EGCG剂量并进行比较,茶制剂中其他儿茶素类成分也可能对毒性产生影响。

据现有资料,研究者认为,按照传统方式制备的茶和与茶冲剂饮品EGCG含量是安全的。罕见被报道的肝损伤病例,很可能是由于个体差异而导致的特殊反应。茶提取物中的儿茶素可以作为饮料消费,或作为膳食补充剂的形式消费,但是其有效元素浓度在800mg EGCG/天以上时,会导致血清转氨酶升高,这是肝损伤的重要标致。

冲泡的茶被认为是安全的。EFSA称,速溶茶饮品也含有较低水平的天然抗氧化剂。多数补充剂的摄入量为50-1000mg,而茶叶通常只含有90-300mg。而每天消耗800mg以上会导致更高的健康风险,但EFSA称专家们还不能确定补充剂量是否完全安全。

研究者同样提到,研究中儿茶素类化合物的暴露存在不确定性,此现象值得引起我们的注意:

不同品种茶的化学组成差异很大,由于植物品种、生长环境、季节、叶片年龄致EGCG含量在1600-20320mg/100克范围变化。

鉴于绿茶冲泡液中EGCG /儿茶素的浓度在贮存和制备过程中(在冲泡温度下)下降,因此冲泡茶中实际EGCG暴露量存在不确定性。

由于EGCG/儿茶素在冷却过程中有沉淀,因此在口服绿茶冲剂后可吸收的EGCG/儿茶素比例存在额外的不确定性。

膳食蛋白质对从输注和补充剂中吸收EGCG/儿茶素的影响持续存在不确定性。即使EGCG被认为是茶中主要的致病性肝毒性剂,其它儿茶素类在何种程度上是否也会成为致肝毒性剂和/或调节EGCG肝毒性存在不确定性。

由于每日EGCG暴露高达800 mg/天后的剂量-反应数据有限,因此对于普通人群推导EGCG健康指导值的起点存在不确定性。

长期使用绿茶提取物后是否会出现更严重的肝脏影响是不确定的。

导致EGCG的剂量依赖性肝毒性和导致对EGCG特异性肝毒性的机制存在不确定性。

当然,此文并不是想吓唬大家从此又要告别喝茶,而是作为提醒,不要盲目相信可能的“替代品”中令人惊奇的功效,消耗太多抗氧化剂可能对肝脏是有害的。

原始出处:
EFSA Panel on Food Additives and Nutrient Sources added to Food (ANS), et al. Scientific opinion on the safety of green tea catechins. EFSA Journal. April 2018.

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    2018-05-07 haige

    [物极则反.命曰环流

    0

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    2018-05-03 易水河

    呀!物极必反的

    0

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    2018-05-02 cscdliu

    学习了.谢谢

    0

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    2018-05-02 秀红

    学习了

    0

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