Nat Commun:以毒攻毒!科学家用疟疾检测癌症

2018-08-21 探索菌 生物探索

全球每年约有900万人死于癌症,早期诊断对有效治疗和生存至关重要。近日哥本哈根大学的研究人员发现,利用一种粘附在癌细胞上的疟疾蛋白可以诊断人类早期癌症!他们希望这种方法不久能用于癌症筛查。

全球每年约有900万人死于癌症,早期诊断对有效治疗和生存至关重要。近日哥本哈根大学的研究人员发现,利用一种粘附在癌细胞上的疟疾蛋白可以诊断人类早期癌症!他们希望这种方法不久能用于癌症筛查

“利用这种新方法,我们能够灵敏地从血液中提取单个癌细胞,且捕获癌细胞的数量比现有方法多,这为早期发现癌症提供了机会。由于该方法不依赖于癌症类型,因此可以在血样中检测到各种类型的癌细胞。”研究通讯作者、免疫学和微生物学系的Ali Salanti教授说。相关研究已发表在《Nature Communications》杂志上。

目前检测血液中癌细胞的几种方法大部分是基于肿瘤细胞表面的特定标记。然而,并不是所有的肿瘤细胞都显示这种标记,这意味着传统的生物标记物方法无法检测肿瘤细胞是否扩散到其他器官,如肝脏、肺和骨骼。

几年前,Ali Salanti及其同事们发现了一种用疟原虫产生的VAR2CSA蛋白治疗癌症的新方法。这些发现构成了研究小组新诊断方法的基础。除此之外,他们还发现疟疾蛋白附着在一种特定的糖分子上,后者存在于95%的癌症细胞中。也就是说,这种新的诊断方法可以用来检测几乎所有的癌症。
   
01.检测循环肿瘤细胞

癌症肿瘤由几个不同的癌细胞组成,其中一些通过游离于组织中进入血液而扩散。血液中的这些癌细胞被称为循环肿瘤细胞,它们可以发展成转移瘤,从而导致高达90%的癌症相关死亡。

据研究人员介绍,使用疟疾蛋白可以从血样中提取循环肿瘤细胞。在这种新方法的开发过程中,研究人员提取了10个癌细胞,并将其添加到5毫升血样中,随后,他们利用VAR2CSA蛋白成功从血样中提取出9个癌细胞。

这项研究作者之一、免疫学和微生物学系的Postdoc mettérskov agerbbak说: “通过计算癌细胞的数量,并以此为基础对病人在治疗过程中循环肿瘤细胞的数量做出预测,可以适时修改治疗方案;此外,使用该方法还可以回收活癌细胞,我们可以生长这些癌细胞并用于测试治疗,以确定患者对哪种治疗做出反应。”

02.未来计划

研究人员已经在跟踪结果方面取得重大进展,在一项大型临床研究中,大多的胰腺癌患者已经使用这种方法进行了测试。这项研究合作者、澳大利亚新南威尔士医学院的Christopher Heeschen说:“我们在每一个胰腺癌患者身上发现了数量惊人的循环肿瘤细胞,但对照组没有。”

研究人员设想在未来能够使用这种方法来筛查患癌症的高风险人群。同时他们也希望该方法可作为一个生物标志物来指示一个症状模糊的病人是否罹患癌症。这有利于医生明确疾病的发展阶段。

Ali Salanti教授解释,“如今,很难确定癌症处于哪个阶段。我们的方法使我们能够检测癌症的第一、二、三和四阶段。根据在患者血液中发现的循环肿瘤细胞的数量,我们将能够确定这是否是一种相对侵袭性的癌症,并据此调整治疗方案。当然,实现这些预期还需投入更多的研究工作,包括临床试验。”

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    2019-01-22 liye789132251
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    2019-05-07 liuli5079
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    2018-08-22 kafei

    学习了谢谢

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