中美科学家合作研究发现自身免疫病共有易感基因

2017-02-20 中国新闻网 中国新闻网

中美两国科学家共同研究发现了与多种自身免疫疾病,比如系统性红斑狼疮、类风湿性关节炎等相关的易感基因。两国科学家的这项新发现为医学难题自身免疫疾病的治疗找到了新靶点。



中美两国科学家共同研究发现了与多种自身免疫疾病,比如系统性红斑狼疮、类风湿性关节炎等相关的易感基因。两国科学家的这项新发现为医学难题自身免疫疾病的治疗找到了新靶点。

仁济医院风湿病研究所所长沈南教授14日表示,根据此项研究,在临床治疗中可应用能够增加氧化酶活性氧产生量的新药,或者尝试具有增加氧化酶活性氧产生量功能的已有药物来治疗自身免疫疾病。

这项研究成果获得了世界关注。国际遗传学领域权威学术杂志《NatureGenetics》(IF=31.616)新近在线发表了仁济医院风湿病研究所与南卡罗来纳医科大学等研究机构合作的这项最新研究成果。

据悉,系统性红斑狼疮、类风湿关节炎以及原发性干燥综合征,都是复杂的自身免疫疾病,病因与发病机制至今未明确,目前亦无根治手段。其中,系统性红斑狼疮因高死亡率成为世界公认的难治病。类风湿关节炎,会造成肢体残疾,严重影响患者生活质量,造成沉重经济负担。原发性干燥综合征,是一种常见病,易被漏诊或误诊。这些自身免疫性疾病,目前主要利用激素和免疫抑制剂或者生物制剂等缓解病情和控制恶化。

近年来,中外风湿免疫专家纷纷从基因层面开展自身免疫疾病的机制研究,希望寻找到进行干预的有效靶点。据悉,在疾病遗传学研究中,只有发现了功能性的疾病易感位点和易感基因,并阐述了其中的分子机制,才能为疾病的干预治疗提供有效靶点。

据介绍,仁济医院风湿病研究所研究团队与美国南卡罗来纳大学研究团队经过多年通力合作,利用先进的测序方法在相关复杂基因区域发现了功能性遗传易感位点。研究人员发现,该易感位点的突变型会造成相关蛋白的氨基酸改变,参与疾病发生和发展。更重要的是,他们发现该位点还与类风湿关节炎和原发性干燥综合征病人的遗传易感性相关。

当日,仁济医院风湿病研究所所长沈南教授表示,此项研究最重要的价值在于找到了多种自身免疫病疾病共有的易感基因,为多种自身免疫性疾病的干预治疗提供了新的靶标。

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免疫系统最重要的功能之一就是区分自我与非我,从而在抵抗外界侵染的同时避免对自身组织的误伤。T细胞免疫耐受从胸腺发起,主要由外周的淋巴结组织发挥功能,其中T细胞的删除、免疫耐受以及调节性T细胞共同作用保证体内免疫稳态。 自身免疫性胃炎(AIG)是一类以自身抗体分泌增多为症状之一的胃病。患有此病的患者常常会恶化导致胃癌的发生。 此前对于AIG的研究重要集中在Treg以及免疫耐受方面,其中一个经典的