Cell:糖尿病患者的福音,发现新的胰岛素敏感性,减少副作用

2017-10-25 白木清水 来宝网

2型糖尿病的根本原因是一种叫做胰岛素抵抗的疾病,在这种情况下,细胞停止对控制葡萄糖(糖)储存的激素的指令做出反应。恢复胰岛素敏感性可以成为预防和治疗糖尿病的有效策略,但市场上唯一的胰岛素敏感药物也能刺激脂类(脂肪)的产生,从而导致一些严重的副作用。

2型糖尿病的根本原因是一种叫做胰岛素抵抗的疾病,在这种情况下,细胞停止对控制葡萄糖(糖)储存的激素的指令做出反应。恢复胰岛素敏感性可以成为预防和治疗糖尿病的有效策略,但市场上唯一的胰岛素敏感药物也能刺激脂类(脂肪)的产生,从而导致一些严重的副作用。

由哥伦比亚大学医学中心(Columbia University Medical Center)的研究人员领导的一项新研究表明,在避免这些不利影响的同时,可能改善胰岛素敏感性。研究结果发表在《细胞》杂志上。

胰岛素是一种由胰腺分泌的激素,它可以通过信号细胞从血液中获取葡萄糖并用于能量。当细胞对胰岛素有抵抗力时,葡萄糖会在血液中积累。最终,胰岛素抵抗会导致糖尿病

“研究人员一直在寻找克服胰岛素抵抗的方法,而不会在无意中引发脂肪堆积,”研究带头人Domenico Accili说,他是Russell Berrie基金会的糖尿病教授,也是哥伦比亚大学糖尿病研究中心的主任。“但之前的努力都没有成功。”

研究的一种方法是抑制一种叫做FOXO1的蛋白质。动物研究表明,当FOXO1被抑制时,肝脏会产生更少的葡萄糖。但就像其他胰岛素增敏剂一样,抑制FOXO1也会刺激脂类的产生。“因此,使用广泛使用的FOXO1抑制剂治疗胰岛素抵抗会导致大量不必要的副作用,如体重增加,”Accili博士说。“不幸的是,用FOXO1胰岛素增敏剂,你就能得到坏的东西。”

在目前的研究中,研究人员寻找了一种方法来部分抑制FOXO1,这样葡萄糖水平就会下降,而脂质水平则不受影响。“我们需要了解的是,这两种foxo1介导的机制是如何不同的,因此我们可以识别选择性抑制剂,”合着者Daniel Linden说,他是阿斯利康的创新药物和早期发展生物技术部门的科学家,在瑞典哥德堡。

在小鼠实验中,Accili博士和他的同事们发现FOXO1与一种名为SIN3A的蛋白质一起工作,以限制脂质的分泌。“这表明,如果我们能在FOXO1的葡萄糖生产臂上找到作用于FOXO1的分子,而只留下SIN3A,我们就可以改善胰岛素敏感性,降低血糖,而不会增加脂肪,”Accili博士说。

在100万个小分子的筛选中,研究小组确定了几种在肝细胞中所期望的效果。他们继续在更详细的细节中描述了这些分子中的三个,这可能为开发新的胰岛素增敏剂铺平了道路。

“下一步是优化这些化合物进行动物试验,并为临床试验奠定基础,”Accili博士说。“我们很高兴有可能开发一种新的更安全的方法来治疗糖尿病。”

原始出处:

Fanny Langlet, Rebecca A. Haeusler, Daniel Lindén, et al. Selective Inhibition of FOXO1 Activator/Repressor Balance Modulates Hepatic Glucose Handling. Cell, 2017.

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    2017-12-11 维他命
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    2018-08-15 baoya
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