Nat Commun:3D技术模拟大脑微环境,或成脑瘤治疗新突破!

2019-10-09 Eagle 转化医学网

作为当下最火的新兴技术,3D打印的广泛应用可能造就许多跨时代的应用价值。尤其在医疗健康领域中,3D生物打印技术更是为临床医生和无数病患带来无限希望。

导读:作为当下最火的新兴技术,3D打印的广泛应用可能造就许多跨时代的应用价值。尤其在医疗健康领域中,3D生物打印技术更是为临床医生和无数病患带来无限希望。

近日,来自塔夫茨大学(Tufts University)的研究人员在体外模拟了大脑的微环境,从而研发出一套可以培养原发性小儿和成人脑瘤的3D人体组织培养模型,并在重要国际期刊Nature Communications上发表了相关成果。这一研究在脑瘤生物学和肿瘤药理反应研究方面迈出了突破性一步,也让脑瘤细胞机制研究不再只是 “二维空谈”。



我们都知道,许多恶性脑肿瘤多易出现预后不佳,尤其是胶质母细胞瘤(GBM)和儿童肿瘤,如室管膜瘤等。通过对这些肿瘤的全基因组进行分析,不难发现它们都存在着明显的肿瘤亚型增加和肿瘤内异质性高发等特点,但由于技术限制,通常很难第一时间发现患者体内肿瘤的状态变化及异质性增加等现象。

一般情况下,恶性脑肿瘤中存在的的特异的脑细胞外基质(ECM)动态变化可以作为检测肿瘤亚型和异质性变化的判断标准。但是因为在体外检测缺乏对应的基质成分,使脑细胞外基质的相关研究变得困难重重。

脑细胞外基质是一种大脑中天然存在的蛋白质、氨基酸和结合糖的复杂网络。这种关键性基质不仅可以为周围的神经组织提供支持,而且有助于促进细胞的生长发育。早期有研究证明,肿瘤细胞与周围ECM之间存在重要的双向相互作用,ECM的组成变化和脑肿瘤的进展密切相关,甚至可以改变肿瘤细胞的基因和蛋白表达模式,研究证明,ECM中的蛋白组成可以阻止或允许肿瘤细胞在大脑中的进一步扩散。

为了更好地理解肿瘤和ECM之间的动态相互作用,Tufts大学的研究人员开发了一套3D体外培养系统,几乎完全模拟了人体内的脑部微环境,包括最关键的脑细胞外基质(ECM)。也就是说,研究人员可以3D“打印”出脑部肿瘤。这套3D体外培养系统主要针对两种常见的脑部肿瘤,一种是在儿童上多发的室管膜瘤,另一种是发生在成人的胶质母细胞瘤,这两种恶性肿瘤的预后效果都非常差,且确诊后的平均生存期仅为1-2年。

而通过这套系统,研究人员可以检测不同的ECM成分,确定它们对肿瘤发展的影响,以及肿瘤对不同药物治疗后的反应等。

结果发现,在3D体外培养中,胎儿的ECM(含有较高水平的胶原蛋白、透明质酸和某些CSPGs)比成年ECM更能支持肿瘤的生长。有趣的是,这一结果恰好与之前的研究提出的,脑肿瘤倾向于改变ECM组成,使其更类似于“胎儿”的ECM组成,从而促进肿瘤自身生长的观点是一致的。



多功能3D生物培养脑肿瘤组织模型示意图
 
这项研究对脑肿瘤生物学研究具有重要意义,其一, 本次研究中含有ECM的3D培养系统的基质都是直接从患者的原发肿瘤细胞中分离并进一步繁殖和研究,同时使它们在更类似于大脑的环境中生长;这与先前发表的研究中建立的肿瘤细胞培养系统完全不同,虽然还不能完全概括脑部微环境的复杂性,但是这种体外的3D肿瘤培养系统相比于二维的细胞培养,已经缩短了体外肿瘤培养和小鼠模型培养的现实差距。其二,研究人员还发现成胶质母细胞瘤的癌细胞释放的脂滴(脂肪)可能有助于降低多种胶质母细胞瘤细胞的药物敏感性,这为该模型作为脑瘤治疗的药物筛选工具打下了理论基础。

这套可调整的3D生物技术脑组织培养系统,联合了原发性脑细胞外基质的微环境组成和实时成像系统,通过非侵入性双光子激发荧光代谢成像技术可以实时追踪和观察肿瘤细胞的3D生长状态。换句话说,这项技术可以使用非侵入性成像系统,实时评估肿瘤发生发展情况。虽然目前这只是一个初步的研究成果,但能够维持病人体内的肿瘤细胞培养,并以非侵入性的方式对其进行代谢追踪,这将意味着有可能长期监测细胞的行为和药物敏感性,从而为治疗决策提供关键信息。

原始出处:

Disha Sood, Min Tang-Schomer, Dimitra Pouli, et.al. 3D extracellular matrix microenvironment in bioengineered tissue models of primary pediatric and adult brain tumors. Nature Communications 04 October 2019

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    2020-04-02 liye789132251
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    2020-08-04 liuli5079
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    2020-07-06 zxxiang
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    2019-10-11 jxrzshh
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    2019-10-10 jefee1214

    学习了

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不用任何手术工具解剖人体?这不是开玩笑,你只需要一款“巨型iPad”,自带模型的解剖台这种设备名为Anatomage Table,是硅谷公司Anatomage研发的一款虚拟解剖台。Anatomage Table里包含4个完整的解剖案例,20多个高分辨率局部解剖案例,1000多种病态,甚至还有各种动物解剖案例。Anatomage Table中使用的是与人体是等比例的模型,能模拟出一个完整的人体内部3

Radiology:3D MRI评价膝关节软骨缺损的价值

本研究旨在以关节镜或开放手术为参考标准,评价3D MRI检出膝关节软骨缺损及其影像学特点的诊断价值。

英国贝尔法斯特医疗首例:外科医生利用 3D 打印模型完成复杂肾脏移植手术

英国兰贝尔法斯特市医院的外科医生利用 3D 打印的肾脏复制品完全切除肾囊肿,促进了关键的移植手术,同时改善了器官捐赠者的生活。手术本身是爱尔兰第一个不需要翻修的手术。

Nature:组织活检与3D技术两开花,揭秘癌症之王起源!

近日,由弗朗西斯·克里克研究所的科学家们开发了一种新技术,利用三维成像技术研究组织样本揭秘胰腺癌起源,解决了困扰大家几十年的胰腺癌形成之谜:胰腺癌以两种不同的方式发生发展。