MOL THER-ONCOLYTICS:利用致命细菌来对付癌症

2018-02-05 佚名 生物通

对付癌症这种凶险的疾病,科学家们各出奇招,有些从癌细胞入手,有些从免疫系统入手。如今,一些研究人员正尝试以毒攻毒,用致命细菌来对付可怕疾病。最新一期的《BioTechniques》介绍了这种癌症治疗的新方法。


对付癌症这种凶险的疾病,科学家们各出奇招,有些从癌细胞入手,有些从免疫系统入手。如今,一些研究人员正尝试以毒攻毒,用致命细菌来对付可怕疾病。最新一期的《BioTechniques》介绍了这种癌症治疗的新方法。

两百年前,医生们就注意到一些不寻常的现象:细菌感染有时可缓解甚至消除癌症。虽然那个时代的许多想法都被认为是不可靠的,但细菌究竟能否影响肿瘤,这个问题一直萦绕在人们心头。他们通过各种各样的实验来寻找答案。

美国医生William Coley成为第一个吃螃蟹的人。通过向患者注射各种活细菌和死细菌的组合,他最终找到了一种称为Coley毒素的混合物。这种混合物可导致大部分肿瘤消退,有时甚至能完全消除。直到1963年,这种方法仍用于肉瘤的临床治疗。

自那以后,科学家们又发现了几种细菌,能够追踪肿瘤,在其中生长和复制,并最终杀死癌细胞。不过,德国Helmholtz传染研究中心的研究人员Sebastian Felgner说:“像沙门氏菌这样的细菌是病原体。因此,基于沙门氏菌来设计细菌载体需要在安全和疗效之间取得适当的平衡。”随着基因组编辑技术的普及,Felgner及其他研究人员正在创造新的活细菌。

鼠伤寒沙门氏菌

早期的实验表明,鼠伤寒沙门氏菌优先在实体瘤中定植,并轻松杀死癌细胞。不过,将这种病原体注射到免疫功能本来就低下的癌症患者身上是不安全的,因此耶鲁大学的研究人员希望删除关键基因的一部分来减弱它的毒力。

不过,改造后的细菌虽然安全不少,但在2002年的临床试验中,它无法定植于大多数人类肿瘤中,因为免疫系统起了作用。“人类以前可能遇过这种细菌载体,因此拥有对抗细菌的免疫力,”Felgner解释说。这种免疫力使得人们快速清除细菌,使其无法杀死癌细胞。

各种改造

之后,研究人员将目标放在脂多糖(LPS)上,它对细菌存活很关键,但会导致人类的败血症。他们用阿拉伯糖诱导型启动子来控制野生型的LPS基因。没有阿拉伯糖,LPS将在3小时内消失。他们培养改良的沙门氏菌,并将菌株注射到荷瘤小鼠体内。尽管这些细菌对小鼠的健康影响较大,但小鼠存活下来,而肿瘤细胞死亡。

与此同时,杜克大学的Ravi Bellamkonda及其同事突变了嘌呤合成所必需的基因,这意味着细菌需要外部来源的嘌呤。事实上,肿瘤中富含嘌呤,而健康组织的嘌呤水平检测不到。他们还增强了肿瘤抑制蛋白p53以及Azurin蛋白的表达,它能稳定p53并诱导肿瘤细胞凋亡。

研究小组将细菌注射到患有胶质母细胞瘤的大鼠中。实验重复了几次,到研究结束时,他们总共治疗了36只大鼠,其中7只肿瘤完全消退。对于没有效果的大鼠,研究人员发现细菌在部分肿瘤上定植,肿瘤细胞死亡。不过肿瘤可能继续增长,让更多新细胞逃脱治疗。

然而,这种细菌疗法需要每天对小鼠和大鼠进行注射,之后药物在整个体内传播,这意味着治疗带来了毁灭性的副作用。因此,目前还需要更多的工作来改善细菌,使其100%可靠,这将是这些科学家未来的工作。

原始出处:

Mehta N, Lyon JG, Patil K, Mokarram N, Kim C, Bellamkonda RV. Bacterial Carriers for Glioblasoma Therapy. Molecular Therapy: Oncolytics (2017).

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    2018-04-20 minlingfeng
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    2018-02-07 元元maple

    感染理论

    0

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    2018-02-06 1ddf0692m34(暂无匿称)

    学习了.涨知识

    0

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    2018-02-06 明月清辉

    谢谢分享.学习了

    0

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    2018-02-06 飛歌

    学习了很有用不错

    0

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    2018-02-05 有备才能无患

    对付癌症这种凶险的疾病.科学家们各出奇招.有些从癌细胞入手.有些从免疫系统入手

    0

  8. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2028271, encodeId=85fd20282e1b9, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=868d86420a9' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#致命细菌#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=25, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=86420, encryptionId=868d86420a9, topicName=致命细菌)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=50ba440, createdName=xirongguo, createdTime=Fri Nov 23 08:51:00 CST 2018, time=2018-11-23, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1865321, encodeId=4457186532157, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=16ce133504e' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Oncol#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=0, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=13350, encryptionId=16ce133504e, topicName=Oncol)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=b63894, createdName=minlingfeng, createdTime=Fri Apr 20 15:51:00 CST 2018, time=2018-04-20, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=285852, encodeId=f82c28585255, content=感染理论, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=68, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=76802018286, createdName=元元maple, createdTime=Wed Feb 07 07:21:58 CST 2018, time=2018-02-07, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=285615, encodeId=1b3b285615b8, content=学习了.涨知识, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=67, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20220115/46bcf39c32de4aa6b45c5f9d66c8ee77/6cb4a20c55bb4b7691122f47747bfca2.jpg, createdBy=9dad1662329, createdName=1ddf0692m34(暂无匿称), createdTime=Tue Feb 06 08:58:36 CST 2018, time=2018-02-06, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=285606, encodeId=5abf285606c9, content=谢谢分享.学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=53, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/NUyjXTCJjo6Nx0VGA4QMDzOP8oAgnV4h51EjSfehJ9QxyiaSmw8PB56BhY8KXFSxHCibXrzcy4abrzSibXQPxJ9kzrLcJyhhB8a/0, createdBy=1d3b1672603, createdName=明月清辉, createdTime=Tue Feb 06 08:37:08 CST 2018, time=2018-02-06, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=285498, encodeId=ec2f28549869, content=学习了很有用不错, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=59, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/oLAjfB7s1ib3IzoRn621JdKCFUI4XvNELcibocrAVU6aUzEVDSaf3rYH08PUYUiagGqxAEhj8g9WqqNvD1CupIpCrmnR2OrqHZh/0, createdBy=7f181365728, createdName=飛歌, createdTime=Tue Feb 06 00:13:42 CST 2018, time=2018-02-06, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=285489, encodeId=4a2c28548969, content=对付癌症这种凶险的疾病.科学家们各出奇招.有些从癌细胞入手.有些从免疫系统入手, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=63, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/NUyjXTCJjo7cJ6ejWUr2nIia8qOvAKNdLHr32Df6G8iaoaOx6pHaoiacwp26DaslxZHCGbibZhhCGven4rvmWP60GahtzgFjgCjR/0, createdBy=6b111703011, createdName=有备才能无患, createdTime=Mon Feb 05 23:17:31 CST 2018, time=2018-02-05, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=285461, encodeId=1ce6285461c0, content=很好的学习材料.对临床和科研都有很大帮助作用.水滴石穿.不断积累., beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=24, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/jW482SpianMayicTRbRZ5RzUn81b5CF5ibVPib8jWI92iciaxmqGHlwruOnK4SVZykd4iahqo1hicklIibyZoxm55X7EM8BW9eX1h1hQ2/0, createdBy=8aa81937526, createdName=李东泽, createdTime=Mon Feb 05 22:41:18 CST 2018, time=2018-02-05, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2018-02-05 李东泽

    很好的学习材料.对临床和科研都有很大帮助作用.水滴石穿.不断积累.

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