Gastroenterol:糖尿病发作时胰腺癌的风险可用模型分析

2018-07-09 小闪 医学论坛网

50岁以后患糖尿病的绝大多数患者(约99%)患有2型糖尿病。然而,大约1%的新发糖尿病病例是由胰腺癌诱发的。


50岁以后患糖尿病的绝大多数患者(约99%)患有2型糖尿病。然而,大约1%的新发糖尿病病例是由胰腺癌诱发的。

目前,没有用于选择和测试具有高胰腺癌风险的糖尿病患者的方法。在潜在的早期阶段检测胰腺癌是非常需要的,因为大多数这些癌症(85%)被诊断为晚期并且与非常差的预后相关。

能够筛查一些糖尿病患者的胰腺癌将是筛查恶性肿瘤的重大进展。

根据美国研究人员的说法,基于三个易于访问的患者特征的新模型提供了一种放大这一小组的方法,通过对更大的患者群体中的癌症的风险进行分层。

预测模型,称为END-PAC(富集胰腺导管腺癌的新发糖尿病),基于体重变化、血糖变化和糖尿病发病年龄(由血糖确定)。它由来自美国的多机构团队开发和验证。

这种新模式很容易对患有糖化定义的新发糖尿病的受试者进行分层,明确界定那些需要进行胰腺癌治疗的患者。

通过模型评分确定为高风险的糖尿病患者将成为检查的候选人。这将极大地帮助针对一小群患有新发糖尿病的人进行早期发现。

研究人员表示,该模型需要经过独立的前瞻性验证才能付诸实践。

模型展示

研究人员描述了一组1,561名年龄超过50岁的患者,他们符合新发糖尿病的诊断标准。在这些患者中,16名(1.0%)3年内患上了胰腺癌。

在该发现的新发糖尿病患者队列中,END-PAC模型回顾性地确定了在糖尿病发病后3年内发生胰腺癌的患者,其接受者操作特征曲线值为0.87。得分> 3的患者确定了患有胰腺癌的患者,其敏感性和特异性均为80%。

在糖尿病患者的验证队列中(n=1,096),9名患有胰腺癌的患者中有7名(78%)回顾性地评分> 3,具有85%的特异性。

评分> 3(3.6%的患者)患者的胰腺癌患病率比新发糖尿病患者高4.4倍。

另一方面,验证队列中的END-PAC评分<0(49%的患者)意味着胰腺癌患者具有极低风险。

END-PAC评分将新发糖尿病患者分为胰腺癌的高、中、低风险组。

研究人员评论说,高风险组(得分≥3)将成为胰腺癌临床检查的候选者。在验证队列中,具有这些高风险评分的患者的3年胰腺癌发病率是低风险组的3倍(3.6%对1%)。

早期检测将导致可切除性提高,从而提高生存率

END-PAC模型基于三个先前提到的特征,这些特征将新发2型糖尿病(T2-NOD)与胰腺癌新发糖尿病(PC-NOD)区分开来。

研究人员表示,虽然T2-NOD常伴有体重增加,但PC-NOD在减肥时却出现矛盾。

从正常空腹血糖到T2-NOD的进展是一个缓慢的过程,超过8年,而PC-NOD进展迅速,超过2 - 3年。

研究者观察到T2-NOD患者的糖尿病诊断年龄比PC-NOD患者年轻; T2-NOD诊断的平均年龄(~52岁)远低于PC-NOD诊断的平均年龄(~71岁)。

参考其他研究,大约20%的胰腺癌符合新发糖尿病的标准。在该组中,如果在糖尿病发作时应用END-PAC评分,则在临床诊断之前超过3个月可能诊断出约70%。该团队认为,此早期检测将导致可切除性提高,从而提高生存率。

原始出处:

Ayush Sharma et al. Model to Determine Risk of Pancreatic Cancer inPatients with New-onset Diabetes.Gastroenterol. Published online May 15, 2018. 

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    2018-12-20 许安
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    2018-07-10 三生有幸9135

    学习一下

    0

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    2018-07-10 1209e435m98(暂无昵称)

    学习了.谢谢分享

    0

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