Sci Transl Med:开发出用于研究人类疾病的肺部微芯片装置

2013-05-06 T.Shen 生物谷

2012年11月9日 --刊登在11月7日的国际杂志Science Translation Medicine上的一篇研究报告中,来自哈佛大学的研究者使用活的人体细胞在微芯片中模仿肺部水肿,研究者使用这种肺部芯片模型(lung-on-a-chip)来研究药物的毒性以及开发出新型的疾病疗法。 研究者Donald说,很多制药公司在细胞培养和动物试验上花费了大量时间和金钱,只为开发出新型的疾病疗法或者新

2012年11月9日 --刊登在11月7日的国际杂志Science Translation Medicine上的一篇研究报告中,来自哈佛大学的研究者使用活的人体细胞在微芯片中模仿肺部水肿,研究者使用这种肺部芯片模型(lung-on-a-chip)来研究药物的毒性以及开发出新型的疾病疗法。

研究者Donald说,很多制药公司在细胞培养和动物试验上花费了大量时间和金钱,只为开发出新型的疾病疗法或者新药,但是他们所采用的方法常常在预测药物对人体的副作用上失败了。这种lung-on-a-chip新型设备是一种类似于记忆条的设备,其是一种灵活多变的多聚体,包含使用电脑微芯片技术来控制的空槽,两个空槽被一个多孔膜所分割,在其中一个空槽放置肺部细胞,另一个空槽放置培养基。

运用这种新型设备,研究者检测了癌症化疗药物白细胞介素2(IL-2)的作用,白细胞介素2的主要副作用是引发肺水肿,这对于患者是致死性的。当IL-2被注入设备的血液通道中时,其会渗入到膜中以及两个组织层,从而降低了其它通道的空气含量以及平衡氧气运输量。血浆蛋白质也可以穿过空气渠道,引发空气空间中细胞的血栓形成。

实验结果显示,这种生理性的呼吸作用可以增强IL-2在肺水肿中的作用,深入研究后,研究者发现这种新型设备可以在体外用于识别新型潜在的药物疗法,通过使用药物在新型设备中作用于疾病组织,研究者发现肺水肿的症状可以明显被抑制,这种药物是一种潜在的香草素受体亚家族4(TRPV4)通道抑制物,由GSK公司研发。分离实验结果显示,使用TRPV4抑制剂在抑制动物模型肺水肿上表现出较好的疗效。

最后研究者Ingber说,开发这种新型的设备花费了超过两年的时间,这种设备可以帮助科学家揭秘复杂的人类疾病,这就为我们开发新型药物以及疗法提供了极大的帮助。相关研究由美国国立卫生院等机构提供资助

疾病相关的拓展阅读:

A Human Disease Model of Drug Toxicity–Induced Pulmonary Edema in a Lung-on-a-Chip Microdevice

Preclinical drug development studies currently rely on costly and time-consuming animal testing because existing cell culture models fail to recapitulate complex, organ-level disease processes in humans. We provide the proof of principle for using a biomimetic microdevice that reconstitutes organ-level lung functions to create a human disease model-on-a-chip that mimics pulmonary edema. The microfluidic device, which reconstitutes the alveolar-capillary interface of the human lung, consists of channels lined by closely apposed layers of human pulmonary epithelial and endothelial cells that experience air and fluid flow, as well as cyclic mechanical strain to mimic normal breathing motions. This device was used to reproduce drug toxicity–induced pulmonary edema observed in human cancer patients treated with interleukin-2 (IL-2) at similar doses and over the same time frame. Studies using this on-chip disease model revealed that mechanical forces associated with physiological breathing motions play a crucial role in the development of increased vascular leakage that leads to pulmonary edema, and that circulating immune cells are not required for the development of this disease. These studies also led to identification of potential new therapeutics, including angiopoietin-1 (Ang-1) and a new transient receptor potential vanilloid 4 (TRPV4) ion channel inhibitor (GSK2193874), which might prevent this life-threatening toxicity of IL-2 in the future.

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    2014-01-27 bsmagic9140
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    2013-05-08 lixiaol
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    2013-05-08 智智灵药

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