慢阻肺知晓率不足3%,五类高危人群应定期查肺功能

2018-04-16 刘云丽 慢病管理网

慢病界导读近日,国际权威医学期刊《柳叶刀》发表了由中国工程院院士、中国医学科学院北京协和医学院院校长王辰牵头的中国成人肺部健康研究首项成果。结果显示:我国20岁及以上成人的慢阻肺患病率为8.6%,40岁以上则达13.7%,60岁以上人群患病率超过27%,年龄越高慢阻肺患病率越高。全国总患病人数约1亿。由此可见,慢阻肺已经成为和糖尿病“相当”的慢病。然而,和高患病人数相对应的却是慢阻肺的低知晓率。此

慢病界导读

近日,国际权威医学期刊《柳叶刀》发表了由中国工程院院士、中国医学科学院北京协和医学院院校长王辰牵头的中国成人肺部健康研究首项成果。结果显示:我国20岁及以上成人的慢阻肺患病率为8.6%,40岁以上则达13.7%,60岁以上人群患病率超过27%,年龄越高慢阻肺患病率越高。全国总患病人数约1亿。由此可见,慢阻肺已经成为和糖尿病“相当”的慢病。

然而,和高患病人数相对应的却是慢阻肺的低知晓率。此研究还显示,受访者仅约10%知道慢阻肺这一疾病,不足10%的受访者曾接受过肺功能检查。在所有慢阻肺患者中,不足3%的人知道自己患慢阻肺,近90%的人未得到明确诊断

那么,慢阻肺究竟是一种什么样的病呢?该如何去预防

什么是慢阻肺

慢阻肺全称为慢性阻塞性肺病,是最常见的慢性呼吸系统疾病,常表现为咳嗽、咳痰、气短、呼吸困难等症状。呼吸困难是慢阻肺最重要的症状,约有一半患者有此症状。如未得到规范的治疗,生活将会受到严重影响,比如上楼、买菜、做家务时会觉得气喘费力,到了后期,任何日常活动包括休息时都会感觉气短。

慢阻肺后期会出现低氧血症和高碳酸血症,可合并肺源性心脏病和右心衰竭。另外,慢阻肺也常常和其他疾病合并存在,最常见的包括心血管疾病、抑郁、骨质疏松肺癌糖尿病代谢综合征。这些合并症均可能增加慢阻肺患者的住院率和死亡率。

慢阻肺的预防措施

戒烟,远离二手烟

吸烟是慢阻肺最重要的危险因素。研究表明,吸烟者慢阻肺患病风险显着高于不吸烟者,60岁以上吸烟人群患病率超40%,且吸烟时间越长、吸烟量越大,慢阻肺患病风险越高。被动吸烟也可能导致呼吸道症状及慢阻肺的发生。

戒烟是目前能够有效改变慢阻肺预后的方法。尽管戒烟后丧失的肺功能很难恢复,但可以明显延缓肺功能的进行性恶化,并且可以更好地从相应的治疗(如氧疗)中获益。对于不吸烟的人,一定要远离二手烟的侵害。

防范空气污染

空气污染也是引起慢阻肺的原因之一。空气中的烟尘或二氧化硫明显增加时,慢阻肺急性发作显着增多。大气中的PM2.5和PM10均与慢阻肺的发生有一定关系。

因此,在空气污染的时候,要尽量减少外出,即使外出,也应该戴防雾霾口罩加以防范。回家后应及时清洗裸露的皮肤以及鼻孔。有条件者,家里最好使用空气净化器,并注意定期更换滤芯。

警惕厨房油烟

做饭时的油烟,是不吸烟女性发生慢阻肺的重要原因。因此,做饭的时候一定要早开抽油烟机3-5分钟,做完饭晚关抽油烟机3-5分钟。另外,有些农村地区还在用柴草、庄稼杆、木头等生物燃料生火做饭,其烟雾中含有害成分碳氧化物、氮氧化物、硫氧化物和未燃烧完全的碳氢化合物颗粒等,也会刺激呼吸道并诱发慢阻肺。

避免呼吸道感染

呼吸道感染是慢阻肺发病和加剧的另一个重要因素,病毒或细菌感染是慢阻肺急性加重的常见原因。儿童期重度下呼吸道感染与成年时肺功能降低及呼吸系统症状的发生有关。

因此,室内要保持新鲜空气,每日要做到通风半小时以上。在严冬季节或气候突然变冷的时候,要注意保暖,及时增加衣服,室内温度要保持相对稳定,冬季室内温度应在18 ~ 20℃为宜。寒冷季节尽量不要外出,如必须外出,一定要注意保暖。另外,还要注意少去人口密集的公共场所。儿童应从小就养成坚持锻炼、均衡饮食的好习惯,以增强体质。

如何早诊早治

肺功能检查对慢阻肺的诊断、严重度评价、疾病进展、预后及治疗反应等均有重要意义。肺功能检查被称为诊断慢阻肺的“金标准”。

建议长期吸烟者、40岁以上人群、慢性呼吸道疾病患者、长期接触粉尘者、有慢性咳嗽症状者应定期检查肺功能,以便早发现早治疗。

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    2018-04-17 1dd8c52fm63(暂无匿称)

    学习学习.继续关注

    0

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    2018-04-17 changjiu

    学习一下谢谢

    0

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    2018-04-17 飛歌

    厉害了我的哥

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    2018-04-17 1209e435m98(暂无昵称)

    学习了.谢谢分享

    0

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