Nature:重磅!科学家成功揭示癌症多样性和耐药性发生的分子机制

2017-02-10 生物谷 生物谷

近日,刊登在国际杂志Nature上的一项研究报告中,来自路德维格癌症研究所等机构的研究人员通过研究发现,编码癌症基因的循环DNA短片段或许在癌细胞中非常常见,而且这些片段在产生细胞多样性从而使得恶性癌症难以治疗上扮演着重要角色,相关研究或能够改变科学家们理解肿瘤进化的方式,从而最终开发出新方法

图片来源:medicalxpress.com

近日,刊登在国际杂志Nature上的一项研究报告中,来自路德维格癌症研究所等机构的研究人员通过研究发现,编码癌症基因的循环DNA短片段或许在癌细胞中非常常见,而且这些片段在产生细胞多样性从而使得恶性癌症难以治疗上扮演着重要角色,相关研究或能够改变科学家们理解肿瘤进化的方式,从而最终开发出新方法来抑制并且治疗多种恶性肿瘤。

这项研究中,研究人员对17种不同类型的癌细胞进行分析来探索染色体外DNA(ecDNA)的特性,他们表示,在所有类型的肿瘤中,ecDNA在近乎一半的肿瘤中都会表现出关键的特点,而且其能够编码多个驱动癌症发生基因的拷贝产生;研究人员同时还发现,相比肿瘤细胞染色体中的相同基因而言,ecDNA在癌细胞的生长、多样性以及耐药性上扮演着重要的角色。

研究者Paul Mischel表示,我们发现了能够解释癌症多样性以及进化机制的基础信息,这对于我们重新考虑在癌症中基因发生错误的原因非常关键;这项研究中研究人员整合了多项不同技术来对ecDNA进行检测、定量以及分析,这些技术包括基因组学技术、生物信息学以及典型的细胞遗传学技术,结果发现,ecDNA存在于40%的肿瘤细胞系中,但却在正常细胞中很少存在,当对患者机体的脑瘤进行特殊分析后研究者发现,近乎90%的肿瘤都携带有ecDNA。

研究者Kristen Turner表示,我们发现,相比染色体而言,癌基因或许更容易在ecDNA中出现,于是我们在模型中对这些研究结果进行了分析,随后通过对来自患者机体的肿瘤样本进行实验,我们证实了模型的预测结果;相关研究表明,当癌基因在ecDNA中扩增时肿瘤就会变得具有多样性或者异质性,这样一来就能够使得肿瘤完成并且维持高水平的促癌基因进行表达。

并不像染色体,当肿瘤细胞进行分裂时,ecDNA会随机进入到子代细胞中,因此肿瘤中任何一种既定的细胞或许都不会在细胞核中含有ecDNA,而且ecDNA中基因突变的水平越高,肿瘤中细胞的异质性就越高,这种细胞多样性就能够促进肿瘤对外界挑战变得更具有耐受性,尤其是药物疗法。

在2014年的一项研究中,研究者Mischel及其同事通过研究发现,ecDNA在特定脑瘤对药物的耐受性上扮演着重要的角色,很多年来,癌症生物学家们一直将研究目光聚焦于促进癌症发生的基因上,而不是这些基因所在的位置,20世纪60年代尽管癌症研究人员在某些癌细胞中描述了ecDNA的存在,但其缺少合适的工具来对ecDNA进行定量,因此长期以来这种现象(ecDNA存在的情况)一直被认为不太可能会诱发癌症。

最后研究人员Mischel说道,我们发现ecDNA或许要远比我们想象之中重要和常见,理解肿瘤细胞进化的机制以及其如何增加拷贝的数量和驱动癌症发生突变的水平,或能够提出关键的线索来帮助我们理解癌症的发生机制以及开发新型靶向性疗法;如今我们通过深入研究阐明了ecDNA起源和维持所涉及的分子机制,同时我们也清楚揭示了ecDNA的水平如何随着肿瘤内部环境的改变而发生改变。

原始出处:

Kristen M. Turner,Viraj Deshpande,Doruk Beyter,et al. Extrachromosomal oncogene amplification drives tumour evolution and genetic heterogeneity. Nature  08 February 2017

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    2017-11-05 liye789132251
  2. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1881646, encodeId=4f09188164666, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=3b2112532d8' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Nat#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=29, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=12532, encryptionId=3b2112532d8, topicName=Nat)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=2e6f107, createdName=liye789132251, createdTime=Sun Nov 05 04:08:00 CST 2017, time=2017-11-05, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=175759, encodeId=dc341e575953, content=好文,值得点赞,值得拥有,值得收藏!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=42, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/NUyjXTCJjo7s7ZCKOmmbBTD6nE7gcd5OZpvyGEzkxBP3S275k5ZJVrsPkotZhBglRHM9rKvcj1OgkssqhcnoPw8zIaMZTF8c/0, createdBy=4c441942088, createdName=ylzr123, createdTime=Sun Feb 12 13:50:24 CST 2017, time=2017-02-12, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1470909, encodeId=cc2714e090956, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=507043296fe' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#多样性#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=31, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=43296, encryptionId=507043296fe, topicName=多样性)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=2b6a7095267, createdName=neurosurgeon, createdTime=Sun Feb 12 01:08:00 CST 2017, time=2017-02-12, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1549030, encodeId=2545154903075, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=f7879600061' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#重磅#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=0, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=96000, encryptionId=f7879600061, topicName=重磅)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=3acc14121561, createdName=xxxx1054, createdTime=Sun Feb 12 01:08:00 CST 2017, time=2017-02-12, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=175518, encodeId=d1111e551864, content=内含今后研究方向, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=54, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=071c2012037, createdName=wmu姿, createdTime=Sat Feb 11 09:10:36 CST 2017, time=2017-02-11, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2017-02-12 ylzr123

    好文,值得点赞,值得拥有,值得收藏!

    0

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    2017-02-12 xxxx1054
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    2017-02-11 wmu姿

    内含今后研究方向

    0

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科学家们通过控制原发肿瘤细胞周围环境,首次发现了迁移癌细胞在扩散后进入休眠状态并逃避化疗。这篇在纽约西奈山医学院领导下完成的研究论文发表在《自然细胞生物学》杂志上。研究人员认为,这项研究工作可能会导致能够改变大部分转移性癌症目前尚未治愈的现状,开发出全新的治疗药物和方法。大多数癌症死亡的原因是癌症转移——这个疾病阶段开始于癌细胞从原发肿瘤逃逸,通过血液或淋巴系统发生迁移,并在身体其他部位发生继

PNAS:AKT对记忆T细胞的生存非常关键,有望用于肿瘤免疫治疗

日前,来自南安普敦大学的研究人员通过研究发现了机体免疫系统能够识别并且有效抵御癌症的重要途径,相关研究刊登于国际杂志Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences上。

BMJ:焦虑和抑郁或会增加个体因癌症死亡的风险

British Medical Journal (BMJ)上的研究报告中,来自英国伦敦大学学院的研究人员通过研究发现,焦虑和抑郁或许会增加个体因特定癌症而死亡的风险。 文章中,当研究人员对来自英国数千名患者的数据进行分析后他们发现,承受较高心理痛苦水平的患者或许会因患多种癌症死亡的风险较高,这些癌症包括结肠癌、胰腺癌、食道癌、前列腺癌以及白血病等。 研究者David Batty指出,我