Nat Genet:帕金森病患者一种新的基因突变TMEM230被发现

2016-06-08 MedSci MedSci原创

美国西北大学医学院的科学家发现了帕金森病的一个新病因——一种叫做TMEM230的基因发生了突变。这似乎是确定与这一常见运动障碍已证实病例有关联的第三个基因。在发表于《自然遗传学》(Nature Genetics)杂志上的一项研究中,科学家们提供了证据证实来自北美和亚洲的帕金森病患者中具有TMEM230突变。他们还证实这一基因负责生成了一个在神经元中参与包装神经递质多巴胺的蛋白。丧失多巴胺生成神经元

美国西北大学医学院的科学家发现了帕金森病的一个新病因——一种叫做TMEM230的基因发生了突变。这似乎是确定与这一常见运动障碍已证实病例有关联的第三个基因。

在发表于《自然遗传学》(Nature Genetics)杂志上的一项研究中,科学家们提供了证据证实来自北美和亚洲的帕金森病患者中具有TMEM230突变。他们还证实这一基因负责生成了一个在神经元中参与包装神经递质多巴胺的蛋白。丧失多巴胺生成神经元是帕金森病的一个典型特征。

研究发现为解释帕金森病在大脑中的形成机制提供了新线索。这些线索或可告知未来有关这一疾病的一些新疗法。

项目负责人、西北大学Feinberg医学院Teepu Siddique博士说:“尽管以往的研究将帕金森病与各种环境因素联系在一起,但已知唯一的直接病因就是遗传。许多基因被认为引起了帕金森病,但它们一直未得到证实。我们发现这一新基因突变导致了一些病理及临床证实的帕金森病例。”

人们认为,大约15%的帕金森病病例是由于遗传引起,主要是由两个基因SNCA和LRRK2突变所致。Siddique说,其他的基因只与帕金森综合症的一些特征有关联。

该西北大学医学院研究小组通过与世界各地的合作者展开20年的研究,获得了TMEM230突变导致帕金森病的证据。

他们如何揭露基因

这一项目始于1996年,当时Siddique和第一作者邓汉湘(Han-Xiang Deng)博士对有15个成员显示帕金森病典型症状的一个家族开展了研究。利用共同作者、萨斯喀彻温大学Ali Rajput博士提供的DNA样本,Siddique和邓汉湘对这一家族的65个成员(包括13名患者)进行了全基因组分析,希望找到可以解释疾病发生的常见突变。

他们将搜索范围缩小至20号染色体上包含141个已知基因的一个DNA小区域。利用全外显子组测序技术,他们随后比较了一个健康家庭成员与4个罹患帕金森病的家庭成员之间的DNA变异(遗传差异)。科学家们发现了9万多个变异,最终鉴别出了TMEM230是携带致病突变的基因。

邓汉湘解释说:“这是一个全新的基因。我们不知道它的功能。因此我们完成了一系列的研究阐明这一基因编码蛋白质的定位及功能。”

科学家们发现TMEM230编码了一个横跨神经元中突触囊泡膜的蛋白,突触囊泡中储存着神经递质。

“当前帕金森病的对症治疗是增加突触囊泡向投射到大脑不同部位的细胞释放的神经递质多巴胺,”Siddique说。

这一蛋白参与了这些突触囊泡的移动。

邓汉湘说:“我们认为囊泡运输缺陷是帕金森病的一个关键机制,不仅适用于携带这一突变的病例,而且是大多数病例的一个常见信号通路。所有三个已验证的基因都将焦点放在突触囊泡上。我们的新研究表明使突触囊泡运输正常化可能是未来开发新疗法的一种策略。我们可以开发出一些药物来促进这一至关重要的信号通路。”


Arrows point to tiny sacks inside neurons called synaptic vesicles, which store neurotransmitters like dopamine before they're released from one cell to another. The gene TMEM230, shown in this study to cause Parkinson's disease, encodes a protein that extends across the membrane of these synaptic vesicles.

跨种群验证这一基因

重要地是,研究小组还在北美及远至中国的其他一些家族帕金森病病例中发现了TMEM230基因突变。他们证实,这些患者具有帕金森病临床特征(如震颤、动作缓慢和僵硬等症状)及大脑病理依据(丧失多巴胺神经元及存活神经元中蛋白质异常累积)。

Siddique说:“这一特异的帕金森病致病基因不仅限于北美人群。它存在于世界各地,非常不同的种群和环境条件下。这些突变是强有力的。”

在未来的研究中,Siddique和邓汉湘教授计划利用小鼠模型来探究TMEM230突变导致疾病的机制。

原始出处:
Han-Xiang Deng, Yong Shi, Yi Yang, Kreshnik B Ahmeti, Nimrod Miller, Cao Huang, Lijun Cheng, Hong Zhai, Sheng Deng, Karen Nuytemans, Nicola J Corbett, Myung Jong Kim, Hao Deng, Beisha Tang, Ziquang Yang, Yanming Xu, Piu Chan, Bo Huang, Xiao-Ping Gao, Zhi Song, Zhenhua Liu, Faisal Fecto, Nailah Siddique, Tatiana Foroud, Joseph Jankovic. Identification of TMEM230 mutations in familial Parkinson's disease.Nature Genetics (2016)  10.1038/ng.3589

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    2017-03-12 cy0324
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    2016-07-24 canlab
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    2016-10-12 ylzr123

    赞了,认真探究、学习。

    0

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    2016-11-08 meichuangyi
  6. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2048713, encodeId=be782048e13a8, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=4363e929ad' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Gene#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=28, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=7929, encryptionId=4363e929ad, topicName=Gene)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=63a4277, createdName=cy0324, createdTime=Sun Mar 12 14:40:00 CST 2017, time=2017-03-12, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1733782, encodeId=e7f31e33782b3, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=d4f412668a4' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#NET#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=32, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=12668, encryptionId=d4f412668a4, topicName=NET)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=7ea033781210, createdName=canlab, createdTime=Sun Jul 24 23:40:00 CST 2016, time=2016-07-24, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=147000, encodeId=97f714e0006a, content=赞了,认真探究、学习。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=57, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/NUyjXTCJjo7s7ZCKOmmbBTD6nE7gcd5OZpvyGEzkxBP3S275k5ZJVrsPkotZhBglRHM9rKvcj1OgkssqhcnoPw8zIaMZTF8c/0, createdBy=4c441942088, createdName=ylzr123, createdTime=Wed Oct 12 16:21:34 CST 2016, time=2016-10-12, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1686022, encodeId=01c01686022c8, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=66f3e93862' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Genet#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=33, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=7938, encryptionId=66f3e93862, topicName=Genet)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=d3e128296421, createdName=江川靖瑶, createdTime=Fri Sep 16 15:40:00 CST 2016, time=2016-09-16, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1927505, encodeId=4085192e50552, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=b4931e55602' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#TME#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=35, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=17556, encryptionId=b4931e55602, topicName=TME)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=08e4137, createdName=meichuangyi, createdTime=Tue Nov 08 22:40:00 CST 2016, time=2016-11-08, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1757405, encodeId=1ba41e5740547, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=058e4852e63' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#帕金森病患者#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=29, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=48527, encryptionId=058e4852e63, topicName=帕金森病患者)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=a17f37322741, createdName=ms6832696159214430, createdTime=Sat Nov 19 16:40:00 CST 2016, time=2016-11-19, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1881096, encodeId=5290188109690, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=3b2112532d8' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Nat#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=0, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=12532, encryptionId=3b2112532d8, topicName=Nat)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=2e6f107, createdName=liye789132251, createdTime=Sat Oct 08 03:40:00 CST 2016, time=2016-10-08, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1573918, encodeId=fc1d15e3918fe, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=6b3348526a0' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#帕金森病患#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=22, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=48526, encryptionId=6b3348526a0, topicName=帕金森病患)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=73fe15977481, createdName=saikp, createdTime=Thu Jun 09 22:40:00 CST 2016, time=2016-06-09, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
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    2016-10-08 liye789132251
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