Cell:研究发现表观遗传学标记能调控抑癌基因的表达

2013-03-11 张迪 生物通

来自洛克菲勒大学,美国NIH癌症研究院等处的研究人员发表了题为“H3K4me3 Interactions with TAF3 Regulate Preinitiation Complex Assembly and Selective Gene Activation”的文章,发现一种重要的表观遗传学标记能调控著名抑癌基因p53特异性靶基因的表达,由此指出了一种癌症表观遗传作用新机制,相关成果公布在《

来自洛克菲勒大学,美国NIH癌症研究院等处的研究人员发表了题为“H3K4me3 Interactions with TAF3 Regulate Preinitiation Complex Assembly and Selective Gene Activation”的文章,发现一种重要的表观遗传学标记能调控著名抑癌基因p53特异性靶基因的表达,由此指出了一种癌症表观遗传作用新机制,相关成果公布在《细胞》(Cell)杂志上。

领导这一研究的是著名的基因转录调控研究专家,洛克菲勒大学终身教授,美国科学院院士,拉斯克奖获得者Robert G.Roeder博士。Roeder教授发表的文章至今已逾400余篇,他曾发现了3种负责读取即转录基因的RNA聚合酶,并揭示了转录非同寻常的复杂性。在 基础分子生物学教材中,只要提到真核基因转录,所引用的参考文献许多出自于Roeder教授实验室,他是真核生物基因转录调控方面的顶尖专家。

随着研究的深入,科学家发现DNA序列不是唯一的遗传信息,除了基因组DNA外,还有大量遗传学信息调控着基因的表达,称之为表观遗传信息。通过组蛋白氨基末端残基的翻译后修饰对染色体结构和基因转录进行调控,是目前表观遗传学研究领域的重要部分。

组蛋白修饰是发生在染色体组成成分--组蛋白上的修饰,主要有甲基化(me)、乙酰化(Ac)、磷酸化(P)、泛素化,ADP-核糖基化等修饰方 式。其中,组蛋白甲基化修饰比较复杂,可以发生在赖氨酸或是精氨酸上,而且每个修饰位点可以有不同的甲基化修饰状态。根据修饰位点以及修饰状态的不同,甲 基化修饰可以激活或抑制基因转录,从而参与正常生理如个体发育、胚胎干细胞定向分化等过程,同时也参与病理如癌症的形成和发展。

其中组蛋白H3赖氨酸4三甲基化(H3K4me3)就是一种重要的组蛋白标记,能通过与起始因子TFIID之类的效应因子相互作用,召集激活基因, 促进转录。在这篇文章中,研究人员证明H3K4me3-TAF3能直接与TFIID相互作用,召集激活基因,而其中一些正是著名抑癌基因p53的靶标。

通过深入探索,研究人员还发现H3K4me3能通过刺激前起始复合物PIC组装,增加p53依赖性转录,并且通过与TAF3的相互作用,合作性或非 合作性与TATA box作用,直接参与PIC形成和转录,此外H3K4me3-TAF3/TFIID相互作用也能对基因毒性应激产生反应,调控p53的选择性功能。

这些研究发现均表明了H3K4me3这种表观遗传学元素,能通过与PIC相互作用,快速诱导p53特异性靶基因,这种机制不仅对于研究表观遗传学具有重要意义,而且也有助于分析p53在癌症发生发展中的作用。

doi:10.1016/j.cell.2013.01.052 
PMC:
PMID:

H3K4me3 Interactions with TAF3 Regulate Preinitiation Complex Assembly and Selective Gene Activation

Shannon M. Lauberth, Takahiro Nakayama, Xiaolin Wu, Andrea L. Ferris, Zhanyun Tang

Histone modifications regulate chromatin-dependent processes, yet the mechanisms by which they contribute to specific outcomes remain unclear. H3K4me3 is a prominent histone mark that is associated with active genes and promotes transcription through interactions with effector proteins that include initiation factor TFIID. We demonstrate that H3K4me3-TAF3 interactions direct global TFIID recruitment to active genes, some of which are p53 targets. Further analyses show that (1) H3K4me3 enhances p53-dependent transcription by stimulating preinitiation complex (PIC) formation; (2) H3K4me3, through TAF3 interactions, can act either independently or cooperatively with the TATA box to direct PIC formation and transcription; and (3) H3K4me3-TAF3/TFIID interactions regulate gene-selective functions of p53 in response to genotoxic stress. Our findings indicate a mechanism by which H3K4me3 directs PIC assembly for the rapid induction of specific p53 target genes.

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中国工程院院士曹雪涛研究团队在最新研究中,获得了RNA病毒如何通过其独特方式逃逸天然免疫细胞监控清除作用的研究结果,并发现了天然免疫识别与调控的新型分子机制。相关研究论文近日发表在《细胞》(Cell)杂志上。 巨噬细胞、树突状细胞等天然免疫细胞,是机体感知与识别外源病原体入侵的第一道防线。天然免疫细胞如何敏感而特异性地识别病毒感染并诱导产生I型干扰素以清除病毒的分子机制,是当今免疫学界重要科学问

NCB:神奇蛋白防癌抗衰

一场从发现一只快速老化的小鼠开始的、不同寻常的、持续10年的旅程让科学家找到了这样一种蛋白。这种蛋白保护动物远离癌症和衰老所带来的各种折磨,并且这种蛋白没有明显的缺陷。 这种命名为BubR1的蛋白目前还有许多谜需要科学家去揭开,但是这项工作为研究如何保护染色体、提升健康水平提供了线索。 美国明尼苏达州罗彻斯特梅奥诊所的癌症生物学家Jan van Deursen和他的同事最初的兴趣在于研究癌症的

Cell Metabolism:高胰岛素水平可导致肥胖

一个意外的发现表明,某些有关健康饮食的普遍的想法可能是错误的,实际上却能导致人们体重增加。 这个发现来自一位来自英国的哥伦比亚大学的研究人员,并被发表在《细胞代谢》杂志上。 该研究起初是观察胰岛素的作用的试验,胰岛素是一种激素,能使机体储存血糖以便作为能量以后使用。胰岛素缺乏能导致糖尿病,而且,根据同杂志发表的一项不同研究,胰岛素主要作用受损,可能引起无限制的脂肪分解,而更严重地,这将导致2型