外科口罩和棉口罩都不能防新冠病毒!韩研究称:口罩外表面病毒多于内表面,洗手很重要!

2020-04-09 xujing 中国循环杂志

一直以来,口罩用于防止呼吸道病毒的感染和传播。在新冠病毒的防控策略中,医护人员以及公众带口罩是最重要的一项防护措施。

一直以来,口罩用于防止呼吸道病毒的感染和传播。在新冠病毒的防控策略中,医护人员以及公众带口罩是最重要的一项防护措施。

医用外科口罩,比普通医用口罩防护效果要好一些,主要是推荐给发热的或者是疑似病人,还包括公共交通的司乘人员、出租车司机、环卫工人等公共场所服务人员在岗期间佩戴。

美国卫生部长杰罗姆·亚当斯展示了用家中旧物制作口罩的操作步骤,旧围巾、毛巾和旧T恤都能成为原材料。

前不久,山西一家医院的发热门诊配备了外科口罩,但一名医生因缺N95口罩不接诊,而被开除党籍,这种做法是否合理?

近期,韩国的一项研究发现,当新冠病毒感染者咳嗽时,一次性外科口罩和纯棉口罩均不能有效阻止新冠病毒的传播。

研究纳入4例新冠病毒感染者进入负压隔离室,将一个病毒培养皿(90 mm×15 mm)放置在离患者口部约20 cm处。

患者按不戴口罩、戴外科口罩、戴全棉口罩、再次不戴口罩的顺序在培养皿上分别咳嗽5次。

每5次咳嗽都使用一个单独的培养皿。用无菌涤纶棉签按以下顺序擦拭口罩表面:口罩外表面、口罩内表面、棉口罩外表面、棉口罩内表面。

4例患者鼻咽和唾液样本的病毒载量中位数分别为5.66和4.00。

不戴口罩咳嗽、戴外科口罩咳嗽和戴棉口罩咳嗽时的病毒载量中位数分别为2.56、2.42和1.85。

口罩外表面的所有拭子中,新冠病毒呈阳性,而内表面的大多数拭子呈阴性。

看来,无论是外科口罩还是棉口罩,在受感染患者咳嗽时都不能有效防止新冠病毒。

目前,对于咳嗽过程中产生的气溶胶中新冠病毒的大小和浓度尚不清楚。

以往研究发现,外科口罩对直径分别为0.9、2.0和3.1μm 的气溶胶没有足够的过滤性能。

另有研究发现,0.04-0.2μm的微粒可以穿透外科口罩。

据估计,2002-2004年爆发的SARS病毒的大小为0.08-0.14 μm;假设新冠病毒与SARS病毒大小相似,则外科口罩不太可能有效地过滤这种病毒新冠病毒。

值得注意的是,该研究还发现,口罩外表面的污染比内表面的污染更严重。

研究认为口罩的空气动力学特性可以解释这一发现。由于口罩边缘漏气而产生的湍流射流可能会污染外表面。另外,在高速咳嗽过程中产生的含有新冠病毒的小颗粒气溶胶会穿透口罩。

该研究结果提示人们在接触口罩外表面后要洗手的重要性。

研究者也承认这项研究不包括N95口罩,也不能反映不同种类口罩的过滤效果。而且口罩是否缩短了咳嗽时飞沫的传播距离也需要进一步的研究。

不管怎样,为了疫情防控需要,咱们该戴口罩还是要戴口罩,同时不要忘记勤洗手!

来源:[1]Seongman Bae, et al.Effectiveness of Surgical and Cotton Masks in Blocking SARS–CoV-2: A Controlled Comparison in 4 Patients.Ann Intern Med.2020.on 6 April 2020

[2]Oberg T, Brosseau LM. Surgical mask filter and fit performance. Am J Infect Control. 2008;36:276-282.

[3]Lee SA, Grinshpun SA, Reponen T. Respiratory performance offered by N95 respirators and surgical masks: human subject evaluation with NaCl aerosol representing bacterial and viral particle size range. Ann Occup Hyg. 2008;52:177-185.

[4]Ksiazek TG, Erdman D, Goldsmith CS, et al; SARS Working Group. A novel coronavirus associated with severe acute respiratory syndrome. N Engl J Med.2003;348:1953-1966.

 

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    2020-09-03 qjddjq
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    2020-04-09 公卫新人

    新冠肺炎,疫情何时才能消失

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