PNAS:重大临床意义!全身麻醉后立即苏醒的新方法

2016-10-27 佚名 生物探索

导语:MIT和麻省总院的研究人员研究了人们恢复意识的机制,在患者全身麻醉后快速唤醒的疗法上又进了一步。相关论文发表在10月25日的PNAS上,研究人员指出:激活中脑腹侧被盖区(VTA)的多巴胺神经元在全身麻醉中产生积极的苏醒作用。自从手术时全身麻醉在170年前首次推出后,没有发生根本性的改变。患者仍然是在停止使用麻醉药后自行苏醒。然而一些患者能采用相当数量的时间来唤醒,但这占用了昂贵的手术室,医务

导语:MIT和麻省总院的研究人员研究了人们恢复意识的机制,在患者全身麻醉后快速唤醒的疗法上又进了一步。相关论文发表在10月25日的PNAS上,研究人员指出:激活中脑腹侧被盖区(VTA)的多巴胺神经元在全身麻醉中产生积极的苏醒作用。

自从手术时全身麻醉在170年前首次推出后,没有发生根本性的改变。患者仍然是在停止使用麻醉药后自行苏醒。然而一些患者能采用相当数量的时间来唤醒,但这占用了昂贵的手术室,医务人员还得保持密切观察他们。

现在MIT和麻省总院的研究人员研究了人们恢复意识的机制,在患者全身麻醉后快速唤醒的疗法上又进了一步。相关论文发表在10月25日的PNAS上,研究人员指出:激活中脑腹侧被盖区(VTA)的多巴胺神经元在全身麻醉中产生积极的苏醒作用。

根据MIT脑与认知科学的研究人员和麻省总院的麻醉师Ken Solt说:“这点非常重要,因为我们对全麻后恢复意识的机制至今知之甚少。” 他与MIT的神经学教授Emery Brown领导了这项研究。

Solt说:“神经回路如何在麻醉之后恢复工作的过程还没有被深入研究。从临床角度来看,这是我们感兴趣的,因为我们正在寻找方法努力扭转麻醉方式。”

利他林使麻醉的大鼠立即苏醒的机制

研究人员已经证实:利他林(Ritalin),通常用于治疗注意缺陷多动障碍(ADHD)的药物,能使麻醉的大鼠立即苏醒。

利他林是一种增加神经递质多巴胺水平的兴奋剂,已经知道它能促进苏醒。但大脑中的特定的多巴胺回路调节从麻醉中苏醒的机制,在这项研究之前仍然不清楚。

为了确定具体的机制,研究人员利用光遗传学技术选择性地激活麻醉小鼠VTA的多巴胺神经元。研究人员首先改造多巴胺神经元在小鼠VTA表达光敏感蛋白。然后,他们能够通过闪烁的蓝色激光激活这些特定的神经元。

被改造的小鼠置于一个稳定的麻醉剂剂量下,直到它们失去意识肚皮朝天。肚皮朝天躺着对于啮齿类动物是无意识的一个明确信号。因为即使是睡觉的时候,翻正反射通常会导致他们翻到正面,使他们不那么容易被食肉动物捕食。研究人员随后用光激活了神经元,使它们释放多巴胺。这促使动物立即醒来,并翻转过来,在许多情况下开始走动。

快速苏醒在临床手术中的意义

 “VTA多巴胺神经元在传统上是被认为在奖励、动机和药物成瘾上起关键作用。”Solt说,“但我们发现,通过激活大脑中这个非常特定部分的多巴胺神经元,我们能够扭转全身麻醉的状态,唤醒动物。”

Brown教授认为开发快速苏醒除了解放了有价值的手术室的时间以外,也可以减轻副作用。例如很多人在麻醉后觉得昏昏沉沉的,他们的大脑工作得不是很好。

Brown教授说:“我们希望把病人的认知过程恢复到他们在麻醉前的确切状况。特别是老年患者的大脑在麻醉后不会工作得很好,在此方面这个方法能解决大问题。”

研究人员还发现,利他林可改善麻醉带来的,在呼吸功能方面的不利影响。激活这种细胞是神经元非常小的选择子集,却是一个完全反转的行为,使得这是一篇非常重要的文章。研究人员目前正在进行进一步试验,确定麻醉后使用利他林,是否让小鼠的认知功能完全恢复。他们还正在开展利他林的人体试验,确认其能够加速从全身麻醉中恢复。

Brown教授说:“我们都看到了麻醉后的完美唤醒是病人能说话并且完全舒适,能在很短的时间内离开恢复室。我们正在尝试一个麻醉方法的新阶段,让病人迅速从全身麻醉中苏醒过来。”

原始出处:

Norman E. Taylora,b,c, Christa J. Van Dorta,b,c, Jonathan D. Kennya,c, JunZhu Peia,c, Jennifer A. Guideraa,c, Ksenia Y. Vlasova,c, Justin T. Leea,c, Edward S. Boydenc,d,e,f, Emery N. Browna,b,c,g,h,1,2, and Ken Solta,b,c,1.Optogenetic activation of dopamine neurons in the ventral tegmental area induces reanimation from general anesthesia.PNAS. September 14, 2016

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    2017-02-09 drwjr
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    2016-12-19 1e0ac05em10(暂无匿称)

    学习了,老药新用法

    0

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    2016-11-27 华佗之徒

    加油 希望早日用上这个药

    0

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  6. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1707707, encodeId=8e131e0770764, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=9c968e01017' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#苏醒#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=31, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=87010, encryptionId=9c968e01017, topicName=苏醒)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=5ea931488603, createdName=ms1065684921169360, createdTime=Sat May 13 09:40:00 CST 2017, time=2017-05-13, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1855897, encodeId=499d185589e7e, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=f32014428fc' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#PNAS#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=37, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=14428, encryptionId=f32014428fc, topicName=PNAS)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=08e964, createdName=drwjr, createdTime=Thu Feb 09 12:40:00 CST 2017, time=2017-02-09, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=163984, encodeId=35181639840c, content=学习了,老药新用法, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=56, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=96f41921975, createdName=1e0ac05em10(暂无匿称), createdTime=Mon Dec 19 06:47:58 CST 2016, time=2016-12-19, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=158436, encodeId=510e1584362e, content=加油 希望早日用上这个药, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=68, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/ajNVdqHZLLCu6iaYUxhnpbxCAw3bxX34hT6mxnXWiah9y0iaCFCr3C30Vom4uzMABO4gI34bOMCUGnicibIWCQa2l2Q/0, createdBy=85b31985507, createdName=华佗之徒, createdTime=Sun Nov 27 08:35:03 CST 2016, time=2016-11-27, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1903164, encodeId=c19a1903164e2, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=e1b0583884b' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#新方法#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=28, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=58388, encryptionId=e1b0583884b, topicName=新方法)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=c22f171, createdName=kord1982, createdTime=Sat Aug 12 13:40:00 CST 2017, time=2017-08-12, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=152183, encodeId=7f0d15218365, content=谢谢分享!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=42, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=fe261399236, createdName=xyfg98, createdTime=Sun Oct 30 10:59:01 CST 2016, time=2016-10-30, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=151635, encodeId=c27e1516353d, content=仔细学习一下, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=42, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160906/IMG57CE2FEB173B51358.jpg, createdBy=efbf97815, createdName=chenxh201314, createdTime=Fri Oct 28 07:02:43 CST 2016, time=2016-10-28, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=151634, encodeId=5a451516341d, content=厉害了。我的天, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=56, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160906/IMG57CE2FEB173B51358.jpg, createdBy=efbf97815, createdName=chenxh201314, createdTime=Fri Oct 28 07:02:29 CST 2016, time=2016-10-28, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2016-10-30 xyfg98

    谢谢分享!

    0

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    2016-10-28 chenxh201314

    仔细学习一下

    0

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    2016-10-28 chenxh201314

    厉害了。我的天

    0

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