Nat Genet:科学家发现胃癌新基因

2012-04-10 Beyond 生物谷

2012年4月8日,新加坡与新加坡国立癌症中心的杜克国大医学研究生学院研究人员领导的一个国际科学家小组鉴定出了胃癌中数以百计的新的基因突变,胃癌是全球第二大最致命癌症类型。相关研究论文发表在2012年4月8日的《自然遗传学》杂志上。 胃癌是导致癌症患者死亡的第二大原因,全球有超过70万的癌症患者死于胃癌,尤其是在东亚地区,胃癌是最常见的。治疗这种致命性的疾病往往是困难和失败的,在美国不到四分之一

2012年4月8日,新加坡与新加坡国立癌症中心的杜克国大医学研究生学院研究人员领导的一个国际科学家小组鉴定出了胃癌中数以百计的新的基因突变,胃癌是全球第二大最致命癌症类型。相关研究论文发表在2012年4月8日的《自然遗传学》杂志上。

胃癌是导致癌症患者死亡的第二大原因,全球有超过70万的癌症患者死于胃癌,尤其是在东亚地区,胃癌是最常见的。治疗这种致命性的疾病往往是困难和失败的,在美国不到四分之一的患者被诊断患胃癌后,生存时间会超过五年。

研究小组使用最先进的DNA测序技术分析胃癌患者肿瘤和正常组织的基因后,发现了胃癌新的突变基因。

DNA测序技术使我们能够了解癌症基因组中每个基因的DNA序列,杜克国大计算系统生物学和人类遗传学实验室Steven G. Rozen博士说:这项工作是团队努力的共同完成的,团队成员涉及搞基础研究的科学家和临床医生。

研究人员表示:我们筛选了18000个人的基因,并确定超过600个基因在胃癌中发生了突变,这些基因在以前未知的。

600胃癌相关基因中FAT4和ARID1A被证明很特殊,约100例胃癌患者进一步分析发现这些基因突变情况,有5%的人发生了FAT4突变,8%的人发生了突变。在一些患者中,两个基因包含的部分染色体丢失,这一证据表明遗传缺陷影响这些基因突变诱发胃癌。

实验室实验证明这两个基因对促进胃癌的重要性,调控FAT4和ARID1A的功能能改变胃癌细胞的生长。

研究团队正在积极对这一研究成果进行转化工作,要实现这些结果的临床意义还需开展更多的研究。ARID1A和FAT4可能还涉及其他许多类型癌症,不仅仅是在胃癌中。

每年全世界超过10万例胃癌患者可能由FAT4或ARID1A基因突变引起的,针对这些基因的药物可能有一天会使得胃癌和其他类型的癌症治疗更有效。(生物谷:Bioon)

doi:10.1038/ng.2246
PMC:
PMID:

Exome sequencing of gastric adenocarcinoma identifies recurrent somatic mutations in cell adhesion and chromatin remodeling genes

Zhi Jiang Zang,Ioana Cutcutache,Song Ling Poon,Shen Li Zhang,John R McPherson,Jiong Tao,Vikneswari Rajasegaran,Hong Lee Heng,Niantao Deng,Anna Gan,Kiat Hon Lim,Choon Kiat Ong,et al.

Gastric cancer is a major cause of global cancer mortality. We surveyed the spectrum of somatic alterations in gastric cancer by sequencing the exomes of 15 gastric adenocarcinomas and their matched normal DNAs. Frequently mutated genes in the adenocarcinomas included TP53 (11/15 tumors), PIK3CA (3/15) and ARID1A (3/15). Cell adhesion was the most enriched biological pathway among the frequently mutated genes. A prevalence screening confirmed mutations in FAT4, a cadherin family gene, in 5% of gastric cancers (6/110) and FAT4 genomic deletions in 4% (3/83) of gastric tumors. Frequent mutations in chromatin remodeling genes (ARID1A, MLL3 and MLL) also occurred in 47% of the gastric cancers. We detected ARID1A mutations in 8% of tumors (9/110), which were associated with concurrent PIK3CA mutations and microsatellite instability. In functional assays, we observed both FAT4 and ARID1A to exert tumor-suppressor activity. Somatic inactivation of FAT4 and ARID1A may thus be key tumorigenic events in a subset of gastric cancers.

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    2012-12-05 liye789132251
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    2012-07-19 cy0324
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    2012-12-17 canlab
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