Science:单细胞测序细分肿瘤亚型

2017-04-04 佚名 生物探索

美国麻省总院和Broad研究所合作发表在3月31日Science杂志上对两种脑肿瘤亚型的详细分析显示,它们起源于神经祖细胞的相同类型,由基因突变模式和其微环境的组成分而区分开。

美国麻省总院和Broad研究所合作发表在3月31日Science杂志上对两种脑肿瘤亚型的详细分析显示,它们起源于神经祖细胞的相同类型,由基因突变模式和其微环境的组成分而区分开。

这项研究也充分表明,肿瘤异质性的存在,尤其是肿瘤内异质性,也会加深人们对肿瘤异质性的理解。

单细胞测序进行肿瘤细胞研究的意义

最近的一些研究,包括癌症基因组Atlas计划,已经鉴定了驱动肿瘤生长的突变,通过分析组织样本的基因表达定义了肿瘤的亚型,这些样本包括肿瘤细胞和肿瘤细胞周围微环境的。但事实上,这些分析是对大块的肿瘤样本进行笼统的分析,可能掩盖了许多关键的信息。

单细胞测序是逐个细胞进行的RNA转录分析,能够对肿瘤生物学提供更有力的洞察力。但是因成本的限制,只能用在有限数量的肿瘤细胞上。

研究团队设想,结合从有限的肿瘤细胞数量上获得的单细胞RNA数据,与已有的大规模研究产生的表达数据相结合的办法,或许能揭示出一些脑癌相关的生物学信息。

发现两种脑瘤起源一致突变不同

星形细胞瘤和少突胶质细胞瘤都被认为是不治之症,但手术和放疗可明显延长生存期。这两种肿瘤被认为是由支持和保护神经元的神经胶质细胞的亚型发育而来的,但在遗传学、外观和基因表达方面都有所不同。虽然这两种类型的肿瘤都含有类似的神经胶质细胞,它们也都含有该细胞类型的标记,这就引起了人们对它们起源于不同类型细胞这一普遍看法的质疑。



研究团队对10例星形胶质瘤样本中的9800个细胞和6例少突胶质瘤样本中的4300个细胞进行了单细胞RNA测序。再结合癌症基因组Atlas中的165例转录组数据,研究人员发现,两种肿瘤都含有3种癌症细胞:非增殖性细胞(nonproliferating cells)、类神经干细胞(resemble neural stem)和祖细胞(progenitor cells)。其中的非增殖细胞被细分为星形胶质细胞样和少突胶质细胞样。而不同之处主要是遗传学差异,以及肿瘤微环境(如特异性免疫细胞丰度等)组成不同。

通讯作者介绍研究内容

文章的通讯作者Mario Suvà大夫介绍:“我们的研究重新定义了两种密切相关胶质瘤的细胞组成,它们是以IDH基因突变为特征的星形细胞瘤和少突胶质细胞瘤。虽然我们知道它们是基因不同的肿瘤类型,但我们不知道它们是否有类似的起源细胞,或者它们的表达差异是否可以由遗传学、它们发育起源的细胞、或肿瘤微环境来解释。”

Suvà大夫说:“我们惊讶地发现两种不同亚型的肿瘤竟然通用相似的干细胞程序,和相似的神经胶质谱系来区分。提示我们可以使用免疫疗法攻击特定的细胞类型,从而终止肿瘤的生长。此外我们观察到即使在更晚期的肿瘤阶段,越是分化的肿瘤细胞越不容易增殖。这意味着,如果可以促进肿瘤细胞分化,将会显着地控制肿瘤生长。我们下一步研究计划将使用相同的方法来研究其它类型的成人和儿童的神经胶质瘤,追踪推动它们侵略性的起源和程序。”

原始出处:

Andrew S. Venteicher, Itay Tirosh, et al.  Decoupling genetics, lineages, and microenvironment in IDH-mutant gliomas by single-cell RNA-seq.  Science  31 Mar 2017:Vol. 355, Issue 6332, eaai8478

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    2017-04-09 春暖花开8785

    肿瘤的异质性也决定预后。

    0

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    2017-04-06 jichang
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    2017-04-04 lixh1719

    得益于测序技术的发展

    0

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    2017-04-04 1ddf0692m34(暂无匿称)

    涨知识,学习了

    0

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    2017-04-04 刘煜

    阅读了谢谢分享

    0

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释放免疫系统的强大药物具有消灭晚期疾病患者一部分癌症的前景。但是最近的两项研究 1,2 表明,这些称为 PD- 1 抑制剂的疗法可能会在某些患者中发生反应,加速癌症的传播。现在科学家想要找出原因。最新的研究太小,无法证明医生是如何治疗患者的。但研究已经促使呼吁进行更大的临床试验,以探索旨在控制肿瘤的免疫治疗药物如何刺激他们。美国马里兰州贝塞斯达的美国国家癌症研究所癌症研究员 Elad Sharon

肿瘤靶向用药有效率仅1.5%,未来肿瘤精准医疗发展有三大趋势

近两年来,精准医学治疗肿瘤疾病的理念逐渐被人们认同和理解,在全球各国的一致支持下,肿瘤精准医学正呈现蓬勃发展的繁荣景象。然而肿瘤疾病具有复杂多变和治疗困难等特点,想真正实现精准治疗的美好愿景并不容易。在近日的“医疗大数据应用与实践研讨会”上,志诺维思基因科技有限公司CEO兼首席科学家凌少平,就对肿瘤精准医学中的基因组大数据分析与应用的相关内容作了演讲报告。凌少平直言,靶向测序指导下的有效治疗患

Am J Resp Crit Care:巨噬细胞弹性蛋白酶诱导TRAIL介导的肿瘤细胞死亡

由此可见,MMP12的CTD启动的TRAIL介导肿瘤细胞死亡是通过其保守的SR20多肽。

清华大学张明徽:将NKT治疗肿瘤技术带到临床

清华大学医学中心细胞治疗研究所所长张明徽的NKT免疫细胞对于肿瘤的突破性治疗技术,在社会上引起强烈反响。迄今为止,已有近百位肝癌、肺癌、胃癌、前纵隔肉瘤等患者接受这一治疗技术,多位患者生存期超过四年。

Oral Oncol:自1970年至2011年间儿童和青少年口腔癌、唾液腺癌以及咽癌的流行病学分析

在过去的10年间,报道称口腔癌和咽癌的发病年龄逐渐减小。但是大多数经过同行评阅的文献报道发现,在0-19岁口腔癌和咽癌的发生局限于特殊的肿瘤部位和/或类型,又或者只占很小的一部分。这篇研究是为了揭示0-19岁年轻患者口腔癌、唾液腺癌和咽癌(OSPC)的特点,以便临床医师提高对年轻个体此类疾病的认识。