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施一公实验室取得诺贝尔奖级成果

2015-08-21 徐文 科学网

施一公剪接小体
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大家都知道真核生物的基因包含外显子和内含子两部分，转录后得到的亦是包含外显子和内含子的pre-mRNA，接下来要得到只含有外显子的成熟mRNA需要一个庞然大物的加工处理（图1），这个庞然大物被称为剪接小体。 图片来源：百度经验 　　 剪接小体主要由五个核酸蛋白亚复合物组成，五者共同协调，将pre-mRNA变成mRNA。多年来，大家都想了解剪接背后的机制，但是苦于没有高

大家都知道真核生物的基因包含外显子和内含子两部分，转录后得到的亦是包含外显子和内含子的pre-mRNA，接下来要得到只含有外显子的成熟mRNA需要一个庞然大物的加工处理（图1），这个庞然大物被称为剪接小体。



图片来源：百度经验
　　
剪接小体主要由五个核酸蛋白亚复合物组成，五者共同协调，将pre-mRNA变成mRNA。多年来，大家都想了解剪接背后的机制，但是苦于没有高分辨率的三维结构。此次，施一公实验室终于通过冷冻电镜获得酵母来源的3.6埃分辨率的剪接小体的结构（图2），在science杂志发表了两篇research articles，这项成果将极大地提高人们对剪接机制的理解。



图片来源：Sciencemag.org

DNA的复制、转录和翻译过程是体内最基本的生命活动，被称为中心法则。该过程已经有超过五项诺贝尔奖被颁发（包括RNA聚合酶的结构及工作机制，核糖体的结构及工作机制），剪接作为真核生物中心法则中必不可少的一个重要环节，得诺贝尔奖是一点儿也不夸张的。

有意思的是，施一公曾在自传里写到，自己九几年做博后时去看了好几个实验室，其中一个是后来因解析核糖体高分辨率结构而获得2009年诺贝尔化学奖的Thomas A. Steitz。当时Steitz想让施一公做核糖体结构，一公跟其他人聊了聊，听说博后得5-6年，就没去，去了另一个结构生物学高手实验室。在那里，只需要一年多一点，发了一篇nature后，施一公的博后导师就说一公可以出师了，于是他就成了普林斯顿大学的助理教授。但是我想无论是谁，当时放弃了核糖体但是后来知道别人做出来了，是有一点后悔或者其他感受的。不过，这次施一公终于可以开怀大笑了，我感觉。

原始出处：

Chuangye Yan, Jing Hang, Ruixue Wan, Min Huang, Catherine C. L. Wong, Yigong Shi.Structure of a yeast spliceosome at 3.6-angstrom resolution.Science.Aug 20, 2015.DOI: 10.1126/science.aac7629

Jing Hang, Ruixue Wan, Chuangye Yan, Yigong Shi.Structural basis of pre-mRNA splicing.Science.Aug 20, 2015.DOI: 10.1126/science.aac8159

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    2015-08-23 xykzfl

    好牛

    0

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    2015-08-23 lecoo

    不错，拜读了

    0

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    2015-08-22 2014lb3

    崇拜

    0

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    2015-08-22 happy1

    大牛

    0

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    2015-08-22 Jianghuiqin

    太厉害了！

    0

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    2015-08-21 lovejing

    施公最近很火啊

    0

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    2015-08-21 lovetcm

    有一点夸张了吧！

    0

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