AJG:代谢组学可无创诊断特发性门脉高压症

2013-07-29 tiancai_erbao dxy

图1.本项研究创新之处 特发性门脉高压症,又名肝内型窦前阻塞性门脉高压症。其病因尚不明确,可引起门脉高压所致的一系列并发症,如食管静脉曲张破裂出血及腹水等,但通常不合并存在肝硬化或其他引起肝脏病变的疾病。因其临床表现与肝硬化相似,特发性门脉高压症常被误诊为隐源性肝硬化。目前诊断特发性门脉高压症是一种排他性诊断,需要依赖进行肝穿刺活检排除肝硬化存在的可能方可诊断。 巴西巴塞罗那IDIBAPS医学


图1.本项研究创新之处

特发性门脉高压症,又名肝内型窦前阻塞性门脉高压症。其病因尚不明确,可引起门脉高压所致的一系列并发症,如食管静脉曲张破裂出血及腹水等,但通常不合并存在肝硬化或其他引起肝脏病变的疾病。因其临床表现与肝硬化相似,特发性门脉高压症常被误诊为隐源性肝硬化。目前诊断特发性门脉高压症是一种排他性诊断,需要依赖进行肝穿刺活检排除肝硬化存在的可能方可诊断。

巴西巴塞罗那IDIBAPS医学研究中心肝脏血流动力学实验室的Susana Seijo等人为寻找高灵敏性、特异性无创的诊断特发性门脉高压症法利用代谢组学进行了研究,发现包含不同代谢产物在内的代谢产物谱可以将特发性门脉高压症患者与肝硬化患者及健康人群很好的进行区分,提出代谢组学研究是诊断特发性门脉高压症可取的无创的诊断方法,这一结果发表在2013年6月的The American Journal of Gastroenterology上。

代谢组学是继基基因组学和蛋白质组学之后新近发展起来的一门学科,是系统生物学的重要组成部分。是以某一时刻细胞内所有代谢物的集合为研究对象,对生物体内所有代谢物进行定量或半定量分析,并寻找代谢物与生理病理变化的相对关系的研究方式。

基因组学和蛋白质组学分别从基因和蛋白质层面探寻生命的活动,而实际上细胞内许多生命活动是发生在代谢物层面的,如细胞信号释放、能量传递、细胞间通信等都是受代谢物调控的。基因与蛋白质的表达紧密相连,而代谢物则更多地反映了细胞所处的环境,这又与细胞的营养状态、药物和环境污染物的作用以及其它外界因素的影响密切相关。

有人认为“基因组学和蛋白质组学告诉你什么可能会发生,而代谢组学则告诉你确实发生了什么”。代谢产物大都是相对分子质量1000以内的小分子物质。其样品主要是动植物的细胞和组织的提取液及血液。主要研究手段是核磁共振(NMR)、质谱(MS)、色谱(HPLC,GC)及色谱质谱联用技术。

通过检测一系列样品的NMR谱图,再结合模式识别和专家系统等计算分析方法,可以判断出生物体的病理生理状态,并有可能找出与之相关的生物标志物(biomarker)。为相关预警信号提供一个预知平台。目前代谢组学已应用于疾病诊断、医药研制开发、营养食品科学、毒理学、环境学和植物学等与人类健康护理密切相关的领域。

作者选取了33例特发性门脉高压患者,以肝硬化患者以及健康志愿者作为对照。利用超高液相色谱联合飞行时间质谱仪分析研究对象血浆中的代谢组学。作者按照多重比较及VIP分数(变量投影重要性指标:用来测度每一个自变量对解释因变量的作用大小,若VIP值大于1,则表示该自变量因素对解释因变量具有重要作用)对组间差异P值进行校正。

有差异的代谢产物根据本杰明方法进行判断,选取P值小于0.05,即发现错误率不超过5%。利用潜结构回归及偏最小二乘法计算出的变量投影高分指标作为标记建立偏最小二乘判别分析模型以区别特发性门脉高压症患者、肝硬化患者以及健康志愿者。利用参数R2 和Q2的值评估偏最小二乘判别分析模型的性能。并进行一个额外的内部交叉验证。

偏最小二乘判别分析模型判别结果清晰显示,一个包含有28种代谢产物的代谢谱模型可以很好地将特发性门脉高压症患者与肝硬化患者区分开来(Q2=0.67,曲线下面积= 0.99)。一个包含有31种代谢产物的代谢谱模型可以很好地将特发性门脉高压症患者与健康人群区分开来(Q2=0.75,曲线下面积= 0.98)。经过交叉验证,两个模型都具有很高的敏感性(分别为94.8%以及97.5%)、特异性(89.1%和89.7%)以及曲线下面积(0.98和0.98)。

上述结果表明一个分别包含28个代谢产物以及31个代谢产物的代谢组谱可以很好地区分特发性门脉高压症患者与肝硬化患者和正常人群。由此可见,代谢组学检测似乎是无创性诊断特发性门脉高压症的有价值的方法。

Seijo S, Lozano JJ, Alonso C, Reverter E, Miquel R, Abraldes JG, Martinez-Chantar ML, Garcia-Criado A, Berzigotti A, Castro A, Mato JM, Bosch J, Garcia-Pagan JC.Metabolomics discloses potential biomarkers for the noninvasive diagnosis of idiopathic portal hypertension.Am J Gastroenterol. 2013 Jun;108(6):926-32. doi: 10.1038/ajg.2013.11. Epub 2013 Feb 19.

PMID:23419380

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    2014-05-15 minzju5052
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