2017诺奖生理学或医学奖今公布 奖项花落谁家?

2017-10-02 刘湃 中新网

综合报道,2017年诺贝尔奖将从10月2日起陆续揭晓,生理学或医学奖得主将在北京时间今天下午最先公布。生理学或医学奖是根据已故的瑞典化学家诺贝尔的遗嘱而设立的,目的在于表彰在生理学或医学界做出卓越发现者。

2017年诺贝尔奖将从10月2日起陆续揭晓,生理学或医学奖得主将在北京时间今天下午最先公布。生理学或医学奖是根据已故的瑞典化学家诺贝尔的遗嘱而设立的,目的在于表彰在生理学或医学界做出卓越发现者。


资料图:2015年10月5日,诺贝尔生理学或医学奖在斯德哥尔摩的卡罗琳斯卡医学院揭晓,爱尔兰医学研究者威廉·坎贝尔、日本学者大村智以及中国药学家屠呦呦获得该奖。

诺贝尔生理学或医学奖于1901年首次颁发,由瑞典的医科学院卡罗琳学院负责评选。该奖项至今已颁发107次,由于常有多人共享奖项,因此获奖者有211人,其中有12名女性。

在诺贝尔百余年的历史中,有九年没有向任何人颁发生理学或医学奖,原因可能是那些年份里,这一领域可能并没有足够重要的发现和突破。同时,这一年的奖金也自动顺延到下一年。

2015年,科学家屠呦呦获得诺贝尔生理学或医学奖,成为亚洲第一位获得这一奖项的女性科学家,这也使得这一奖项更为中国人所熟知。

今年的生理学或医学奖会花落谁家?某信息服务商提供通过分析学术引用,预测了获奖的三大热门人选以及他们可能获奖的原因:

刘易斯·C·坎特利(Lewis C Cantley),美国桑德拉和爱德华?梅耶癌症中心梅耶中心主任、威尔康乃尔医学院癌症生物医学教授。获奖原因:发现了磷酸肌醇3-激酶(PI3K)的信号通路并阐明其在肿瘤生长中的作用。

卡尔·J·弗理斯顿(Karl J.Friston),英国伦敦大学学院惠康基金会神经影像中心学者。获奖原因:通过统计参数图和基于体素的形态学分析对脑成像数据分析研究做出了重要贡献。

张远(音译,Yuan Chang)、帕特里克·S·摩尔(Patrick S.Moore),美国匹兹堡大学医学院学者、美国癌症学会研究教授。获奖原因:发现卡波济氏肉瘤相关疱疹病毒/人类疱疹病毒8型(KSHV/HHV8)。


资料图:诺贝尔奖奖牌(图片来源:美联社)

待到“诺奖周”结束,每年12月10日,诺贝尔奖颁奖典礼和晚宴会在瑞典首都斯德哥尔摩隆重举行。届时,瑞典国王会亲自为获奖者颁发证书、奖章和奖金。

生理学或医学奖奖章图案是手拿一本打开的书的医学之神,她正在从岩石间收集泉水,为生病的少女解渴。奖章上刻有一句拉丁文,大致翻译为“新的发现使生命更美好”。

而也正如奖章上的铭文所言,诺贝尔生理学或医学奖所获成果,长期以来为人类的健康作出了突出贡献。

以下为近十年诺贝尔生理学或医学奖获奖者以及他们的获奖原因:

2016年

日本分子细胞生物学家大隅良典因“发现细胞自噬的机制”获奖。

2015年

中国科学家屠呦呦因为“中药和中西药结合研究提出了青蒿素和双氢青蒿素的疗法”获奖;同时,爱尔兰科学家威廉·坎贝尔和日本科学家大村智因“发现对一种由蛔虫寄生病引发的感染采取了新的疗法”同获该奖。


资料图:2015年12月10日,瑞典斯德哥尔摩,诺贝尔生理学或医学奖得主屠呦呦领奖。

2014年

英国科学家约翰·奥基夫和挪威两位科学家爱德华·莫索尔和梅·布莱特·莫索尔因“发现构成大脑定位系统的细胞”获奖。

2013年

美国科学家詹姆斯·E·罗斯曼和兰迪-W·谢克曼,以及德国科学家托马斯-C 苏德霍夫因“在细胞内运输系统领域的新发现,三人发现了细胞囊泡交通的运行与调节机制”获奖。

2012年

英国科学家约翰?格登爵士和日本科学家山中伸弥因“发现成熟细胞可被重写成多功能细胞”获奖。

2011年

美国科学家布鲁斯·巴特勒和法国科学家朱尔斯·霍尔曼因“他们对于先天免疫机制激活的发现”获得诺贝尔生理或医学奖;美国科学家拉尔夫·斯坦曼也因“他发现树突细胞和其在获得性免疫中的作用”共同获得该奖。


资料图:2016年诺贝尔生理学或医学奖获奖者大隅良典。

2010年

英国科学家罗伯特·杰弗里·爱德华兹因为“在试管婴儿方面的研究”获奖。

2009年

澳大利亚科学家伊丽莎白·布莱克本、美国科学家卡罗尔·格雷德和英国科学家杰克·绍斯塔克因为“发现端粒和端粒酶如何保护染色体”获奖。

2008年

德国科学家哈拉尔德·楚尔·豪森因“发现了导致子宫颈癌的人乳头状瘤病毒”获得诺贝尔生理或医学奖;法国科学家弗朗索瓦丝?巴尔-西诺西和吕克?蒙塔尼因“发现人类免疫缺陷病毒(即艾滋病病毒)”同获该奖。

2007年

美国科学家马里奥?卡佩奇和英国科学家马丁·埃文斯爵士以及美国科学家奥利弗·史密斯因为“在利用胚胎干细胞引入特异性基因修饰的原理上的发现”获奖。

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    2017-10-04 wumeihua90
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    2017-10-02 lovetcm

    基因编辑可能获化学奖

    0

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