PNAS:基因缺陷如何导致先天性心脏畸形

2018-06-19 艾曼 生物探索

下一代测序与基因编辑技术的快速发展带来了心脏病学领域的不断突破。先前的研究发现,最常见的出生缺陷类型——心脏缺陷可由CHD4基因突变引起。近日,来自美国的一项最新研究揭示了CHD4突变如何导致心脏缺陷的关键分子细节。

6月11日,PNAS杂志以“CHD4 and the NuRD complex directly control cardiac sarcomere formation”为题报道了这项研究成果,北卡罗来纳大学麦卡利斯特心脏研究所的Frank Conlon博士为论文的主要作者。


CHD4的功能

CHD4是由CHD4基因编码的蛋白质,通常作为多蛋白质“机器”(machine)的一部分工作,帮助调节细胞核内的基因活性。因此,研究人员进行了一系列实验来测量和分析CHD4缺失时心肌细胞基因活动的变化。他们发现,CHD4蛋白通常直接与DNA结合,抑制编码非心肌蛋白的基因的活性。这些蛋白质有助于组成弹性纤维(myofibrils,即肌原纤维),当肌肉工作时,弹性纤维收缩和松弛。

然而,当CHD4蛋白缺失时,研究人员发现,这些其他非心肌蛋白会在发育的心肌细胞中不当产生。它们结合到这些细胞中的肌原纤维中,形成不正常的 “杂交”肌原纤维,进而导致心脏缺乏正常的功能特性。

实验验证

为了验证这一结论,Conlon实验室研究生、第一作者Caralynn M. Wilczewski及其团队首先研究了发育中的、胚胎心脏细胞中缺乏CHD4基因的工程小鼠。这些胚胎小鼠在妊娠中期出现严重心脏缺陷,且没有一只存活下来。结果进一步证实了CHD4在心脏发育中的必要性。

此外,Wilczewski还开发了一种先进的超声波技术,并利用它来记录小鼠器官中发育的微小心脏活动。“我们观察到,缺乏CHD4且肌原纤维异常的心脏严重减少了心室收缩,表明正常泵血的能力丧失。”他说。

Conlon博士说:“这些发现显示,老鼠的正常心脏发育依赖于心肌细胞中非心肌纤维蛋白的抑制,从而使正常心肌纤维的形成能够维持正常的心脏收缩。”

总结来说,研究人员发现了 CHD4蛋白在心肌细胞发育中的作用,它能抑制原本用于非心脏型肌肉细胞的肌丝蛋白的产生;如果CHD4蛋白抑制失败则会导致异常的“杂交”(hybrid)肌肉细胞的发育,而这些细胞不能像正常的心脏细胞那样有效地泵血。

重要意义

这项发现为CHD4相关心脏缺陷的机制提供了第一个清晰的认识。研究人员指出,恢复非心脏肌纤维蛋白的正常抑制可能能够在CHD4突变的情况下预防心脏缺陷。

“对于与CHD4突变有关的先天性心脏病患者,这项研究有助于解释为什么他们的心脏不能正常工作,并提出治疗干预策略。”  Conlon博士说。

此外,他们还计划利用Wilczewski开发的新超声技术进行进一步研究以拓展这项技术在先天性心脏病模型测试方面的应用。

原始出处:

Caralynn M. Wilczewski, Austin J. Hepperla, et al. CHD4 and the NuRD complex directly control cardiac sarcomere formation. PNAS, 2018.

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    2019-02-23 drwjr
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    2018-06-21 huirong
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