JAMA Surgery:用药指南或要改写!多项研究夯实抗生素环丙沙星的“阴暗面”

2018-07-30 责编:浮苏 生物探索

环丙沙星除适用于尿路感染、肠道感染等外,还可治疗由流感杆菌、大肠杆菌等引起的骨和关节感染、皮肤软组织感染、肺炎、败血症等,具广谱抗菌活性,杀菌效果好。但最近一些研究却带来“一记重锤”:包括环丙沙星在内的氟喹诺酮类抗生素的使用或会破坏结缔组织的正常功能,包括肌腱断裂、肌腱炎和视网膜脱离。这些研究还表明副作用可能会影响到其他类型的结缔组织。

 
主动脉是一种需要“细心呵护”的天然组织,严重依赖于具有良好结缔组织成分的细胞外基质对血管完整性的保护。7月25日,发表在《JAMA Surgery》杂志上的两项回顾性临床研究探讨了氟喹诺酮类药物与心血管疾病之间的可能联系。

“我们发现,接受氟喹诺酮类药物治疗的患者比未接受抗生素治疗的患者更容易出现动脉瘤(在主动脉中形成气球状区域,削弱血管的完整性)或破裂(血管壁撕裂)。”第一作者,贝勒医学院研究部副主任,分子生理学教授Scott A . LeMaire博士说。

尽管回顾性临床研究指出氟喹诺酮类抗生素与主动脉疾病风险增加之间存在关联,但并没有证明抗生素会导致上述问题。为了确定因果关系是否存在,LeMaire及其同事用小鼠模型研究了人类动脉瘤及其解剖(aortic aneurysms and dissections,ADD)。

增加小鼠主动脉受损风险

研究人员让正常或患有中度压力主动脉的小鼠接受了环丙沙星或安慰剂治疗并于四周后检查它们的主动脉。

结果表明,用环丙沙星处理过的正常无应激小鼠其主动脉没有明显的负面影响。在接受安慰剂的中度紧张主动脉的小鼠中,45%发生了急性主动脉夹层(Acute aortic dissection,AAD),24 %发生了主动脉夹层,没有一个破裂。另一方面,在接受抗生素治疗的中度紧张主动脉的小鼠中,79 %患有AAD,67 %患有主动脉夹层,15 %患有致命性破裂。这些结果在雄性和雌性中相似。

“我们的研究表明,在中度应激的小鼠主动脉模型中,环丙沙星会导致疾病进展得更快、更严重,这正是人们关注的问题。”作者之一、贝勒医学院外科副教授Ying H. Shen博士说。

接下来,研究人员深入探讨了环丙沙星对小鼠主动脉的影响,以寻找抗生素作用机制的见解。他们得出,与用安慰剂治疗的应激小鼠的主动脉相比,用抗生素治疗的应激小鼠的主动脉组织显示出更多的弹性纤维的破坏和断裂;LOX(稳定细胞外基质的关键酶)活性降低;参与细胞外基质降解的MMP酶活性增加;以及增强细胞通路的激活,导致细胞死亡。

进一步地,对人主动脉平滑肌细胞的单独实验显示,持续暴露在环丙沙星下会降低LOX的表达,同时增强MMP的表达并诱导细胞死亡。在这些实验环境中,抗生素破坏了维持正常主动脉功能所必需的细胞外基质的自然过程。

改写用药指导?

Shen说:“我们的发现支持了先前回顾性临床研究提出的担忧,并建议在主动脉扩张患者中谨慎使用环丙沙星和其他同类抗生素。”

“如果我们考虑在可靠的AAD模型中证明因果关系的临床数据和实验结果,我相信我们有足够的证据来改写对患有动脉瘤或有动脉瘤风险的人使用氟喹诺酮抗生素的指导方针。我希望这些指导方针能在短时间内改变。” LeMaire总结。

参考文献:

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    2018-09-03 chg121
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    2018-07-30 润泽River

    学习了

    0

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    2018-07-30 1209e435m98(暂无昵称)

    学习了,谢谢分享

    0

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    2018-07-30 清风拂面

    谢谢分享学习

    0

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    2018-07-30 一天没事干

    很好的学习机会

    0

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