CMAJ:鼻腔球囊自扩张治疗解决患儿中耳炎问题

2015-07-29 MedSci MedSci原创

越来越多的孩子容易出现中耳炎(OME),主要表现为中耳发炎和积液且不易清除。当一只或两只耳朵出现中耳炎的时候,这意味着感染的存在。中耳炎(OME),也称为“胶耳”,患者常常不表现突出症状,但会导致听力受损,因此往往父母发现孩子的听力存在问题来就诊时才发现患儿患有中耳炎。据美国医疗保健与质量局(AHRQ)统计,中耳炎往往发生在儿童时期,且90%的患者在10岁前患中耳炎。“我们需要寻找一些新的方法来治

越来越多的孩子容易出现中耳炎(OME),主要表现为中耳发炎和积液且不易清除。当一只或两只耳朵出现中耳炎的时候,这意味着感染的存在。中耳炎(OME),也称为“胶耳”,患者常常不表现突出症状,但会导致听力受损,因此往往父母发现孩子的听力存在问题来就诊时才发现患儿患有中耳炎。


据美国医疗保健与质量局(AHRQ)统计,中耳炎往往发生在儿童时期,且90%的患者在10岁前患中耳炎。

“我们需要寻找一些新的方法来治疗中耳炎,以避免应用不必要和无效的抗生素的使用”。Ian Williamson教授认为,“所有治疗中耳分泌炎性渗液的治疗方式如使用抗生素、抗组胺药、减充血剂、鼻内类固醇激素等药物都是无效的,且存在一定的副作用,因此不可作为标准治疗方案,也不能经常使用。”

在加拿大医学协会期刊中,研究人员描述了他们如何通过一种开放性、随机对照试验,进而探究一种简单的“鼻腔球囊自扩张”治疗方案可以大规模应用于治疗中耳炎患儿。在治疗过程中,患儿通过鼻孔利用鼻喷嘴给气球吹气,通过将空气传送到中耳,有助于恢复耳内正常的压力,清除组织液。

实验选取了43个英国家庭进行测试,参与人员为320名年龄范围为4-11岁、有过中耳炎病史、单耳或双耳有炎性积液的患儿。患儿被随机分配到对照组和实验组。对照组给予标准治疗方案,实验组除了接受标准治疗方案外还接受鼻腔球囊自扩张治疗3次/天,持续时间为1-3个月。结果表明,实验组的患儿在治疗1到3个月后中耳内的压力和听力更易恢复。1个月后,实验组有47%的患儿恢复了正常耳道压力,而对照组仅有35.6%的患儿恢复正常耳道压力。3个月后实验组和对照组恢复正常耳道压力的比例为49.6%和38.3%。且实验组的患儿出现的并发症更少。

Williamson教授表示,该治疗方案简便易行,价格低廉,可有效清除患儿耳内积液,减轻耳部症状,提高患儿听力,又没有副作用,对患儿伤害小,易于使患儿接受,可以在幼儿园进行普及,并进行相应的规范化培训。按照这样的做法,可以使儿童中耳炎的发病率更低,且治疗3个月后相比1个月后患儿预后更好,可以广泛应用于4岁以上的中耳炎患儿。

原始出处:

Nasal balloon could treat 'glue ear'.Medical News Today.28 July 2015 

Ian Williamson et al.Effect of nasal balloon autoinflation in children with otitis media with effusion in primary care: an open randomized controlled trial.Canadian Medical Association Journal, doi:10.1503/cmaj.141608, published online 27 July 2015

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    2015-10-06 lsj637
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    2015-07-30 花花1366
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    2015-07-30 mnda