杨永峰:肝脏炎症性损伤的临床及病理鉴别诊断

2018-11-03 杨永峰 肝胆相照平台

近日,南京市第二医院副院长杨永峰教授为大家分享了“肝脏炎症性损伤的临床及病理鉴别诊断” 的报告。

近日,南京市第二医院副院长杨永峰教授为大家分享了“肝脏炎症性损伤的临床及病理鉴别诊断” 的报告。

炎症的概念

炎症是具有血管系统的活体组织对各种损伤因子的刺激所发生的以防御反应为主的基本病理过程。机体许多成分参与炎症反应过程,包括白细胞、血浆蛋白、血管壁细胞、成纤维细胞、细胞外基质和炎症介质。炎症的基本病理变化包括:变质、渗出、增生。

炎症的分类

累及器官:肝炎、肾炎、心肌炎等

病变程度:轻度、中度、重度

基本病变性质:变质性炎、渗出性炎、增生性炎

持续时间:急性、慢性

肝脏炎症

(1)肝细胞变性:细胞水肿、嗜酸变性;

(2)肝细胞坏死:①溶解性坏死:点状坏死、碎片状坏死、桥接坏死、大片坏死;②凋亡:嗜酸小体;

(3)炎细胞浸润:淋巴细胞、浆细胞、中性粒细胞、嗜酸性粒细胞等;

(4)再生:肝细胞再生、间质反应性增生(枯否细胞、成纤维细胞)、小胆管增生;

(5)纤维化

主要累及肝细胞的炎症:病毒性肝炎、药物性肝炎、非酒精性脂肪肝炎、酒精性肝炎、自身免疫性肝炎。累及胆管的炎症主要包括原发性胆汁性胆管炎、原发性硬化性胆管炎…

肝细胞型炎性肝病在临床最为常见,临床特征主要表现:以ALT和AST增高为主(AIH:常常大于5倍;NASH:通常<3倍;DILI:多样);重症病例可合并黄疸、ALP和GGT增高等淤胆表现、肝脏合成功能降低(PTA、INR、胆碱酯酶、白蛋白)。


图1 正常界面


图2 正常肝小叶

急性肝炎和慢性肝炎病理鉴别


图3 急性肝炎以小叶炎症为主,常见病因:DILI、急性病毒性肝炎、急性发病AIH、Wilson病。


图4 慢性肝炎以汇管区炎为主,常见病因:慢性病毒性肝炎、AIH、Wilson病、AIH样DILI。

急性肝炎的病理类型和鉴别诊断


脂肪性肝炎

脂肪肝炎可分别三种不同病变阶段:NAFL(肝细胞脂肪变性(>5%)、NASH(肝细胞脂肪变性、肝细胞气球样变性(必要条件)、小叶炎症)、肝硬化(脂肪变性不明显)。

HBV感染合并NAFLD出现ALT升高,谁是主谋?


自身免疫性肝炎诊断

IgG和自身抗体都不是AIH特异指标

①建议所有不明原因肝损伤的病人进行肝组织病理学检查;②结合临床、实验室和病理特征,可作出AIH的诊断;③只有对免疫抑制剂的应答才能确立AIH诊断和挽救病人。

血清学阴性不能排除AIH,血清学阳性不能诊断AIH。组织学检查对AIH诊断必不可缺。AIH诊断要借助评分但不唯评分。AIH诊断的三个必须条件:①临床特征符合、②病理特征符合③免疫抑制治疗有效。

最后杨永峰教授总结到:对不明原因肝损伤病因诊断,肝穿必不可缺,可缩小鉴别诊断范围,指明方向。病理和临床结合,方能发挥最大价值,最终确定病因。希望大家多读书、多看片、多学习、多交流、勤思考,做一个懂病理的临床医生。

版权声明:
本网站所有内容来源注明为“梅斯医学”或“MedSci原创”的文字、图片和音视频资料,版权均属于梅斯医学所有。非经授权,任何媒体、网站或个人不得转载,授权转载时须注明来源为“梅斯医学”。其它来源的文章系转载文章,或“梅斯号”自媒体发布的文章,仅系出于传递更多信息之目的,本站仅负责审核内容合规,其内容不代表本站立场,本站不负责内容的准确性和版权。如果存在侵权、或不希望被转载的媒体或个人可与我们联系,我们将立即进行删除处理。
在此留言
评论区 (4)
#插入话题
  1. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1397654, encodeId=065c139e65442, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=8bee565436d' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#损伤#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=32, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=56543, encryptionId=8bee565436d, topicName=损伤)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=778d36, createdName=柳叶一刀, createdTime=Mon Nov 05 05:02:00 CST 2018, time=2018-11-05, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1506941, encodeId=a820150694134, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=a66b9624e0c' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#鉴别诊断#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=29, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=96247, encryptionId=a66b9624e0c, topicName=鉴别诊断)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=77179846395, createdName=Homburg, createdTime=Mon Nov 05 05:02:00 CST 2018, time=2018-11-05, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1529602, encodeId=de631529602e9, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=e1c0814517e' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#肝脏炎症#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=34, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=81451, encryptionId=e1c0814517e, topicName=肝脏炎症)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=be0e11959960, createdName=zsyan, createdTime=Mon Nov 05 05:02:00 CST 2018, time=2018-11-05, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1547179, encodeId=30e7154e179fb, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=4ef26e01766' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#炎症性#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=36, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=67017, encryptionId=4ef26e01766, topicName=炎症性)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=09e813968720, createdName=12498dd9m15暂无昵称, createdTime=Mon Nov 05 05:02:00 CST 2018, time=2018-11-05, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
  2. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1397654, encodeId=065c139e65442, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=8bee565436d' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#损伤#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=32, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=56543, encryptionId=8bee565436d, topicName=损伤)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=778d36, createdName=柳叶一刀, createdTime=Mon Nov 05 05:02:00 CST 2018, time=2018-11-05, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1506941, encodeId=a820150694134, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=a66b9624e0c' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#鉴别诊断#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=29, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=96247, encryptionId=a66b9624e0c, topicName=鉴别诊断)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=77179846395, createdName=Homburg, createdTime=Mon Nov 05 05:02:00 CST 2018, time=2018-11-05, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1529602, encodeId=de631529602e9, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=e1c0814517e' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#肝脏炎症#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=34, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=81451, encryptionId=e1c0814517e, topicName=肝脏炎症)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=be0e11959960, createdName=zsyan, createdTime=Mon Nov 05 05:02:00 CST 2018, time=2018-11-05, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1547179, encodeId=30e7154e179fb, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=4ef26e01766' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#炎症性#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=36, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=67017, encryptionId=4ef26e01766, topicName=炎症性)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=09e813968720, createdName=12498dd9m15暂无昵称, createdTime=Mon Nov 05 05:02:00 CST 2018, time=2018-11-05, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
  3. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1397654, encodeId=065c139e65442, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=8bee565436d' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#损伤#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=32, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=56543, encryptionId=8bee565436d, topicName=损伤)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=778d36, createdName=柳叶一刀, createdTime=Mon Nov 05 05:02:00 CST 2018, time=2018-11-05, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1506941, encodeId=a820150694134, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=a66b9624e0c' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#鉴别诊断#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=29, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=96247, encryptionId=a66b9624e0c, topicName=鉴别诊断)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=77179846395, createdName=Homburg, createdTime=Mon Nov 05 05:02:00 CST 2018, time=2018-11-05, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1529602, encodeId=de631529602e9, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=e1c0814517e' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#肝脏炎症#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=34, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=81451, encryptionId=e1c0814517e, topicName=肝脏炎症)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=be0e11959960, createdName=zsyan, createdTime=Mon Nov 05 05:02:00 CST 2018, time=2018-11-05, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1547179, encodeId=30e7154e179fb, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=4ef26e01766' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#炎症性#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=36, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=67017, encryptionId=4ef26e01766, topicName=炎症性)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=09e813968720, createdName=12498dd9m15暂无昵称, createdTime=Mon Nov 05 05:02:00 CST 2018, time=2018-11-05, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
  4. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1397654, encodeId=065c139e65442, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=8bee565436d' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#损伤#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=32, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=56543, encryptionId=8bee565436d, topicName=损伤)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=778d36, createdName=柳叶一刀, createdTime=Mon Nov 05 05:02:00 CST 2018, time=2018-11-05, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1506941, encodeId=a820150694134, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=a66b9624e0c' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#鉴别诊断#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=29, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=96247, encryptionId=a66b9624e0c, topicName=鉴别诊断)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=77179846395, createdName=Homburg, createdTime=Mon Nov 05 05:02:00 CST 2018, time=2018-11-05, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1529602, encodeId=de631529602e9, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=e1c0814517e' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#肝脏炎症#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=34, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=81451, encryptionId=e1c0814517e, topicName=肝脏炎症)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=be0e11959960, createdName=zsyan, createdTime=Mon Nov 05 05:02:00 CST 2018, time=2018-11-05, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1547179, encodeId=30e7154e179fb, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=4ef26e01766' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#炎症性#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=36, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=67017, encryptionId=4ef26e01766, topicName=炎症性)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=09e813968720, createdName=12498dd9m15暂无昵称, createdTime=Mon Nov 05 05:02:00 CST 2018, time=2018-11-05, status=1, ipAttribution=)]

相关资讯

SCI REP:血清乙型肝炎核心抗体作为ALT正常的慢性乙型肝炎患者肝脏炎症标志物!

由此可见,抗-HBc可能是评估肝脏炎症的程度的重要指标,其可用于ALT水平正常的慢性乙型肝炎患者进行抗病毒治疗的决策。

J Viral Hepat:采用常规临床指标预测慢性乙肝患者肝脏炎症程度

GPR可以作为一种新的、简单的指标来预测CHB患者的肝脏炎症,尤其是HBeAg阳性CHB。

Hepatology:microRNA-155调节肝脏损伤

研究结论:在肝损伤过程中,miR-155在肝脏组织和循环炎性细胞的表达均发生改变,从而调节炎症细胞的招募和肝损伤。这些结果表明,维持miR-155在炎性细胞中的表达可能是调节肝损伤的一种潜在策略。

J Hepatol:在急性暴发性病毒性肝炎,I型干扰素受体信号延迟了枯否细胞再补充

在VACV感染时,IFNAR触发骨髓细胞,而不是肝细胞,对急性病毒性肝炎具有重要的调节作用。

Front Pharmacol:黄芩苷可通过抑制TLR4的表达和NF-kB活化对抗LPS诱导的肝脏炎症

作为一种有力的刺激,脂多糖(LPS)具有通过激活体内受体(TLR)4引起细胞损伤的能力,然后核因子κB(NF-κB)转位到细胞核中并改变相关炎症的表达基因。黄芩苷是从黄芩中提取的化合物,具有抗炎、抗氧化及抗菌等特点。然而,关于黄芩苷对LPS诱导的肝脏炎症的影响目前尚未完全阐明。本研究旨在研究黄芩苷对鸡LPS诱导的肝脏炎症的抗炎作用及其潜在的分子机制。组织病理学变化、血清生化分析以及NO水平和髓过氧