Am J Emerg Med:早期神经功能检查预测心脏骤停后亚低温治疗患者预后价值不足

2016-02-22 MedSci MedSci原创

心脏骤停复苏后患者按照综合心脏骤停后管理路径治疗,包括亚低温治疗,在初始急诊室行神经学检查,患者缺乏神经功能并不是患者预后的可靠的预测因素。基于上述发现,急诊医生应避免对心脏骤停复苏后患者行神经功能检查,避免将检查结果作为指导治疗和与患者家属沟通的依据。

背景

近期关于心脏骤停后健康管理,包括亚低温治疗的研究已经取得了一些进展,提高了心脏骤停幸存者的生存率和神经功能预后。心脏骤停后幸存者行亚低温治疗通常都会经历深度昏睡,缺乏脑干反射,而深度昏睡和缺乏脑干反射通常与许多并发症相关。目前急诊神经功能检查预测心脏骤停幸存者的潜在预后的价值仍不清楚。

目标

本研究的目的是分析标准化神经学检查是否可以可靠的预测心脏骤停幸存者的预后。我们假设心脏骤停后幸存者早期神经功能缺损并不能可靠的预测患者预后,因此神经学检查不应该作为确定患者是否行亚低温治疗的依据。

方法

研究队列纳入心脏骤停后患者,在急诊室行标准神经学检查,随后转入心脏骤停复苏中心,按照心脏骤停治疗路径进行标准治疗,治疗措施包括亚低温治疗。记录患者镇静或神经肌肉阻滞药物治疗情况,评估潜在混杂因素。分析神经学检查结果与出院时心脏骤停患者住院期间生存率和神经学预后之间的关联,神经学预后定义为CPC评分(cerebral performance category score )。

结果

研究纳入49例心脏骤停患者,大多数 (41例, 83.7%) 患者处于昏迷状态,GCS3分。19例(38.8%) 患者神经学检查结果全阴性,其中有4例(21.1%) 患者出院时生存。至少有一项神经学检查结果阳性的患者中,有13例(43.3%) 患者出院时生存。亚组分析显示,19例脑干反射阴性的的患者中有9例检查时没有使用神经肌肉阻滞剂,其中有2例(22.1%) 出院时生存。19例脑干反射阴性的的患者中有8例检查时没有使用镇静剂,其中有1例(12.5%) 出院时生存。出院时生存的17例患者中只有1例患者神经功能检查结果较差,CPC评分3分,其他幸存者神经功能均有恢复,CPC评分1分。

结论

心脏骤停复苏后患者按照综合心脏骤停后管理路径治疗,包括亚低温治疗,在初始急诊室行神经学检查,患者缺乏神经功能并不是患者预后的可靠的预测因素。基于上述发现,急诊医生应避免对心脏骤停复苏后患者行神经功能检查,避免将检查结果作为指导治疗和与患者家属沟通的依据。

原始出处:

Michael Merrill, et all. Early neurologic exam is not reliable for prognostication in post-cardiac arrest patients who undergo therapeutic hypothermia. The American Journal of Emergency Medicine. Available online 21 February 2016.

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