Spine:椎动脉枢椎段走行与C2椎弓根螺钉3D分析

2014-10-24 diggs 丁香园

C2椎弓根螺钉因具有融合率高等优势,在枢椎内固定术中被广泛采用,但是,当高跨椎动脉(High Riding Vertebral Artery, HRVA)存在时,其行经枢椎时大部分位于枢椎内,靠近寰枢关节,使椎动脉术中受损机率增加。 HAVA的概念来自C1-2经关节螺钉术相关的矢状面视图,但事实上IAVA的走行是立体多向的,以往的研究对相关情况评估不足,且对IAVA和C2经椎弓根螺钉(C

C2椎弓根螺钉因具有融合率高等优势,在枢椎内固定术中被广泛采用,但是,当高跨椎动脉(High Riding Vertebral Artery, HRVA)存在时,其行经枢椎时大部分位于枢椎内,靠近寰枢关节,使椎动脉术中受损机率增加。

HAVA的概念来自C1-2经关节螺钉术相关的矢状面视图,但事实上IAVA的走行是立体多向的,以往的研究对相关情况评估不足,且对IAVA和C2经椎弓根螺钉(C2 Pedicle Screw, C2PS)径线的关系尚无充分分析。

2014年8月,Spine杂志发表了韩国Sang-Hun Lee等研究人员的相关研究,试图以解剖学数据分析IAVA的具体形态以及其与C2PS径线的关系

研究选取男女患者各50例,平均年龄58.4岁,均为下颈椎退变或外伤患者,对其进行CT扫描+血管增强检查,排除存在上颈椎异常者。将IAVA定义为椎动脉经过C2横突孔(TF)的部分,通过两个解剖参数对其进行评估,两个解剖参数包括:MS——内移程度,以冠状位C3横突孔垂线为界,如IAVA最突出部分的垂线位于C3横突孔外侧,定义为(A);在C3横突孔为(B);在C3横突孔内则为(C)(图1)。HR——骑跨程度,以冠状位C2横突孔出口为界,经IAVA最突出部分的水平线在此界以下为HR0,在横突孔内为HR1,在横突孔以上则为HR2(图2)。

1.JPG

图1 枢椎内椎动脉(IAVA)内移程度示意图

2.JPG


图2 枢椎内椎动脉骑跨程度示意图

通过测量椎弓根直径(Pedicle Diameter, PD),选定直径最大的冠状位层面,对椎弓根中线与中线的夹角(Medial Convergence Angle, MCA)进行测量,为确定最佳径线,再对矢状面上C2中线与峡部上边界的夹角(Sagittal Angle, SA)进行测量(图3)。

3.JPG
图3 C2骨性径线,A图中PD为椎弓根直径,MCA是椎弓根与中线夹角;B图中 是C2椎弓根与冠状位中线夹角;B图中SA为C2椎弓根矢状角

表1 各型中PD、MCA、SA平均值
表1.JPG


该研究的结论包括:

1、 绝大多数研究对象的MS分类为A(37.5%)或B(37%)(图1),C仅为25.5%;HR分类中,HR1为42%,HR2为24%(图2),而分析结果显示,MS分类与HR分类彼此显著相关;

2、 PD的平均值为6.0±1.4mm,MCA为34.0°±7.2°,SA为5.1°±4.9°,所有骨性参数均与MS、HR显著相关

3、 根据MS、HR的分类,可区分出9个亚型(表2),其中3个亚型所占比例为70%:A-0(52VA,26%)、B-1(53VA,26.5%)、C-2(37VA,18.5%);B-1型中PD平均值为5.8mm,MCA平均值为35°,SA平均值4.2°;C-2型中,PD、MCA、SA平均值分别为4.6mm、43.5°、9.5°;PD、MCA、SA的数值在3个主要分型中具有显著差异,但A-0和B-1亚型的SA值除外(表3)。

表2.JPG
表3.JPG

4、 对女性研究对象来说,IAVA的各种数值、MS、HR均显著高于男性(表4),随着年龄的增长,IAVA的各项数值、MD、HR均显著增长(表4),各型间优势侧及是否偏重侧无显著差异(表5)。

表4.JPG
表5.JPG

该研究的结论认为:通过MS、HR,可将IAVA的走行分为3个主要类型,IAVA的迂曲程度在女性中较为显著,并随着年龄增加;该研究所描述的IAVA分型对PD、C2PS均有显著关系,对其充分评估可以提高C2内固定术的安全性。


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    2014-11-01 mgqwxj
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