Nature:揭示病毒起源,为药物与疫苗研发提供有力支持!明尼苏达大学李放教授团队揭示新冠病毒结合人体细胞的机制

2020-04-03 佚名 病毒学界

2020年3月30日明尼苏达大学李放教授团队发表题为“Structural basis of receptor recognition by SARS-CoV-2” 的《Nat

2020年3月30日明尼苏达大学李放教授团队发表题为“Structural basis of receptor recognition by SARS-CoV-2” 的《Nature》文章揭示新冠病毒结合人体细胞的机制,新成果阐明了新冠病毒如何结合人类受体, 如何从动物起源,以及对抗该病毒的策略。冠状病毒通过与人体细胞表面的受体蛋白结合感染人类。该项发现不仅帮助我们更好地理解新冠病毒的感染力,而且揭示了新冠病毒的起源,还为药物与疫苗的开发提供了指导。

虽然数项技术近期为新冠病毒和受体的相互作用提供了一些信息,但是这些技术都有各自的局限性。李放教授的研究团队率先使用被称为“高分辨率结构生物学金标准”的X光晶体衍射技术,解析了新冠病毒表面刺突蛋白与人类受体蛋白结合的复合物三维结构。该研究表明:

与2002-2003年爆发的非典病毒相比,新冠病毒进化出了与人类受体结合的新方式,导致其具有更高的受体亲和力。

与新冠病毒相关的蝙蝠病毒和穿山甲病毒也可以直接结合人类受体,表明新冠病毒起源于蝙蝠。病毒从蝙蝠传播到人,可能一步到位,也可能通过中间宿主穿山甲。

但是,要有效感染人,蝙蝠和穿山甲携带的冠状病毒还需要经历一系列突变,从而与人类受体更紧密地结合。

此项研究揭示了这些关键突变,正是这些突变使得新冠病毒从动物到人的跨物种传播成为可能。

此外,根据所获得的三维结构,该研究确定了新冠病毒与人体细胞的重要结合位点,为抗体药物的研制与开发提供了蓝图。当抗体药物与病毒在这些位点结合得更紧密时,即可阻断病毒与人类受体的结合,拒病毒于人体细胞之外,从而达到抗病毒感染的疗效。

同时,这些位点的确定对疫苗的开发也很有价值,因为包含这些位点的疫苗能够在人体内诱导产生抵抗病毒并长期存在的抗体,从而达到预防病毒感染的目的。

下一步,李放教授科研团队将在获得的病毒结构的基础上,开发针对新冠病毒与人类受体结合这一关键步骤的特效药物和高效疫苗。明尼苏达大学博士后研究员尚剑、师珂、万雨顺、罗楚铭,博士生叶刚、耿启斌,助理研究员Ashley Auerbach,教授Hideki Aihara也为该研究做出了重要贡献。该研究获得了美国国立健康研究院的多项资助。

原始出处:Jian Shang, Gang Ye, Ke Shi, et al. Structural basis of receptor recognition by SARS-CoV-2. Nature. 30 March 2020

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    2020-08-06 liye789132251
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    2020-04-04 lqvr
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    2020-04-03 公卫新人

    新冠肺炎,疫情何时才能消失

    0

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    2020-04-03 肿肿

    机制研究离临床仍然有距离,不过与临床结合思考,仍然有帮助的,不能仅仅是纯临床思维,转化思维同样重要

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